Review Problems

Question 1

What two bacteria ribosylate and inactivate EF-2, preventing protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diphtheria: diphtheria toxin

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: exotoxin A

Question 2

What toxin increases cAMP concentration, increasing water efflux and edema? What bacteria has this?

Answer 2

Edema toxin
Bacillus anthracis (King Anthra's Axe had all those camp tents)

Question 3

What toxin degrades MAPKK, leading to cell death? What bacteria?

Answer 3

Lethal toxin, bacillus anthracis

Question 4

What toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase, resulting in more cGMP? What bacteria?

Answer 4

Heat-stable toxin

ETEC raises cGMP, increased secretion of water and ions, watery diarrhea

(Heat-labile toxin increases cAMP– “eL Agua de -S-an -G-abriel”

Montesuma’s revenge, traveler’s dirrhea

Question 5

Gram-positive rods in chains, fever and confusion, mediatstinal widening

Answer 5

These were the boats in a line in “King Anthra’s Axe” … wide mast on ship was mediastinal widening

Bacillus anthracis is the only one with gram-positive rods in chains!

Question 6

What pathogenic bacterial genera are capable of sporulation?

Answer 6

Clostridium

Bacillus

Question 7

Tricuspid endocarditis in IV drug users is often caused by what gram-positive bacteria?

Answer 7

Staph Aureus

Question 8

The spleen has a particularly important role in removal of ____, which is why patients without spleens may be more vulnerable to Strep pneumonia

Answer 8

bacteria with polysaccharide capsules

Question 9

____ are gram-negative diplococci. They need what kind of agar? What kind of patients are especially vulnerable?

Answer 9

Neisseria (remember the Noir series on Sketchy?) The handcuffs)

Chocolate agar

MAC the private eye: patients with C5-C9 are unable to form MAC complex, leading to increased infections

Question 10

What key virulence factor emanates from Strep Pyrogenes’ cell surface, is antigenically variable between strains, and is antiphagocytic?

What disease is due to Type II sensitivity pertaining of this?

Answer 10

M protein

It mimics protein on heart valves,
mitral valve is commonly affected by rheumatic fever, causing mitral stenosis

Question 11

3 signs of scarlet fever–caused by Strep pyrogenes

Answer 11

strawberry tongue, pharyngitis, diffuse rash except on face