Review Deck Flashcards
Process that retains the blood within the vascular system
Hemostasis
Anti-glycolytic agent that inhibits glycolysis
Fluoride
Glucose metabolism in RT
7 mg/dl/hr
Glucose metabolism at 4 degree Celsius
2 mg/dl/hr
Binds Calcium to form insoluble Calcium Oxalate
Oxalate
Oxalate Anticoagulant that Shrinks Cells
Paul-Heller’s (Potassium Oxalate)
Oxalate anticoagulant that swells cells
Wintrobe’s (Amm. Oxalate)
Test for Hereditary Spherocytosis
Osmotic Fragility Test (OFT)
Anticoagulant for Chemistry Test
Lithium Heparin
Inversion for Heparin Anticoagulant
Eight
Heparin Optimum Concentration
15-20 U/mL of blood
Acid Mucopolysachharide that inhibits coagulation by inactivation of Thrombin
Heparin
A natural anticoagulant
Heparin
An anticoagulant not suited for Blood film preparation
Heparin
Results of using Heparin for blood film preparation
- Distorts WBC & Platelets
* Produces bluish background on Romanowsky stained Smear
Anticoagulant that inhibits all stages of coagulation
Heparin
Order of Draw (Venipuncture)
Yellow Blue Red Green Lavender Gray
Skin Puncture Order of Draw
Blood Gases Slides EDTA Microcollection tube Other microcollection tubes (Green/Gray) Serum microcollection tubes
Citrate Inversion
3-4
EDTA Inversion
8
OFT Specimen
Defibrinated blood
Stopper Color for Blood Bank
Pink
Spray-Dried K2EDTA
Pink/Lavender
Stopper Color for Molecular diagnostics
White
Stopper Color for Toxicology/Chemistry/Plasma
Royal Blue
Stopper Tube for Plasma/Lead Testing
Tan
Additive of Tan Stopper
K2EDTA
Stopper Tube for DAT/Coomb’s Test
Lavender/Pink (BB)
Anticoagulant for LAP Test
Heparin
Anticoagulant for Sugar H2O/ Sucrose Hemolysis
Citrate
2 Venipuncture sites that requires Physician’s Consent
Foot and Double Mastectomy Case
Venipuncture Angle
15 Degrees
Bleeding Angle
45 Degrees reduced to 10-20 Degrees
Microsampling Application
- Infants
- Young Children
- Adults with poor veins
- IV Patients
- Burn Patients
Blood from Skin Puncture is Different from Venipuncture blood in:
Low Hb/ Hct / RBCs / Plts
High WBC
Skin puncture site that is less painful and with less Tissue Fluid
Earlobe
First choice in Venipuncture
Median Cubital
Second choice in Venipuncture
Cephalic Vein
Last choice for Venipuncture
Basilic Vein
Length of Needle used in Venipuncture
1 - 1.5 inch
Routine Gauge
20, 21 & 22
How many inch should torniquet be applied from the site of venipuncture
3-4 inches / 7.5 - 10 mm
Torniquet Application should not exceed..?
1 minute
Color if Gauge 18 Needle
Pink
Color of 21 gauge needle
Green
Color of Gauge 22 Needle
Black
Color of Gauge 23 Needle
Blue/Light Blue
First Step in Venipuncture procedure
Patient Interaction
-Identify Patient
Second Step in Venipuncture procedure
Assemble Supplies and equipment
Maximum attempts in Venipuncture
2 Attempts
Cuff pressure for venipuncture
60 mm Hg
Process of Sterilizing Evacuated Tubes
Gamma Radiation
Blood of a lying patient/Supine position
Hemodilution
- Decreased PCV by 8%
- Decreased WBC
Blood of a Crying Patient
Increased Blood Cell Ct.
Color of Sharps Container
Red
Color of Radioactive Waste Container
Orange
Color of Non infectious Dry Waste
Black
Color of Non Infectious Wet waste
Green
Color of Infectious waste container
Yellow
Color of Chemical Waste Container
Yellow with Black Band
How long will you stop IV line before extraction
2 minutes
Proper site for IV Line extraction
below IV line
Process that retains blood within the vascular system during periods of injury
Hemostasis
Blood vessel that carries blood from the Heart to Capillaries
Artery
Blood vessel that returns blood to the heart from capillaries
Veins
First Hemostatic Response
Vasoconstriction
Stage of Hemostasis that involves blood vessels & platelets
Primary Hemostasis
Test for Primary Hemostasis
Bleeding Time
Formation of Platelet Plug
Primary Hemostasis
Platelet Maturation
5 Days
Life Span of Platelets
8-11 Days
Life span of RBC
120 days
Fraction of Platelets that is present in the circulation
2/3
Fraction of platelets that is in the spleen
1/3
Stages of Primary Hemostasis
- Adhesion
- Activation
- Release
- Aggregation
Stage of Hemostasis that involves interaction of coagulation factors
Secondary Hemostasis
Test for Secondary Hemostasis
Clotting Time
Formation of a stable fibrin clot
Secondary Hemostasis
Adherence of platelet to exposed subendothelial surface (Collagen)
Adhesion
Involved in platelet adhesion
Von Willebrand Factor
Deficiency in VWF
Von Willebrand Disease
Giant Platelet Syndrome with a GP1b receptor Deficiency
Bernard Soullier Disease
Platelet receptor for Adhesion
GP1B
Substance that initiate activation
Agonist
Drug that inhibits cyclooxigenase
Aspirin
Stimulates Platelet Secretion
TXA2 (Thromboxane A2)
What test is prolonged in patients taking Heparin
Prolonged BT
Dense Granules:
Calcium ADP Pyrophosphate ATP Serotonin
An alpha granule defect
Gray Platelet Syndrome
Factor V binding protein deficiency
Quebec Disease
Storage Pool Defects for Dense Granules
- Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome
- Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
- Chediak-Higashi
A dense granule that stimulates platelet aggregation
ADP
Storage pool defect in Alpha and Dense granules
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
Contact activation of intrinsic coagulation pathway
HMWK
An alpha granule that is converted to fibrin for clot formation
Fibrinogen
Cofactor for fibrin clot formation
Factor V
Assists platelet adhesion to subendothelium to provide coagulation surface
Factor VIII:VWF
A dense granule that promotes vasoconstriction at injury site
Serotonin
an Alpha granule that promotes smooth muscle growth for vessel repair
Platelet-derived growth factor
An Aplha granule that is chemotactic for fibroblasts to help in vessel repair
Beta thromboglobulin
Precursor to Plasmjn
Plasminogen
Plasmin inhibitor
Alpha 2 - antiplasmin
Compliment System inhibitor
C1 esterase inhibitor
Platelet attachment to each other
Aggregation
Requirement of Platelet Aggregation
Fibrinogen and Calcium
Fibrinogen receptor
GPIIB / IIIA complex
A deficiency in GPIIB/IIIA complex
Glanzmann Thrombastenia
Purplish red pinpoint hemorraghic spots
Petechiae
Hemorrhage of blood into small areas of skin
Purpura
Form of purpura in which blood escapes into large areas of skin
Ecchymosis
Nosebleed
Epistaxis
Leakage of blood into joint cavities
Hemarthrosis
Vomiting of blood
Hematemesis
tissue tumor or a body cavity that contains clotted blood
Hematoma
RBC in urine
Hematuria
Hemoglobin in urine
Hemoglobinuria
Stool containing dark red or black blood
Melena
Excessive menstrual bleeding
Menorrhagia
Most Common Hereditary vascular disorder
Hereditary Hemorraghic Telangiectasia/ Osler-Weber-Rendue disease
A vascular disorder in which blood vessel walls are thin lacks smooth muscle
Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease
A vascular disorder in which there is formation if tumor composed of blood vessel
Congenital Hemangiomata (Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome)
Vascular Disorders that are associated with increased vascular fragility
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome & Marfan Syndrome
Elastic fiber in Blood vessels are calcified and abnormal
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Degradation of Elastin and Collagen, most common in elderly
Senile purpura
Vitamin C deficiency
A defect in collagen synthesis
Scurvy
Immunologic Damage to endothelial cells
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Normal Value of Platelets
150,000-400,000/cubic mm (1.5-4.0 x 10 to the 9th power/L)
Congenital Aplastic Anemia
Fanconi’s Anemia
Causative Agents of Aplastic Anemia
- Exposure to Radiation
- Benzene (Chemical Exposure)
- Chloramphenicol (Drugs)
Mass consumption of Platelet leading to decreased survival time
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Decreased platelet production
Aplastic Anema
Conditions associated with decreased platelet survival time
- DIC
* ITP
Presence of autoantibodies against platelets
ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura)
Increased Platelet sequestration by spleen
Splenomegally
Dilution of Platelet count
Extensive blood transfusion up to 8-10 Units
Reactive - Moderate Increase Thrombocytosis
After blood loss & Splenectomy
Autonomous - Marked Increase Thrombocytosis
Assoc. with Thrombotic/Hemorraghic complications
Platelets are functionally abnormal in conditions:
CML
MMM
PV
ET
Platelet Aggregation results in VWD Disease
Normal: ECA
Abnormal: Ristocetin
Diagnostic tests results of Bernard Soulier Syndrome
- Presence of giant platelet (>20 um)
- Normal: ECA
- Abnormal: Ristocetin
Glanzmann Thrombastenia Plt. Aggregation Test
Abnormal: ECA
Normal: Ristocetin
A dense granule deficiency associated with the presence of small platelets
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
Accumulation of toxic metal
Uremia
Can be found in patients with Multiple Myeloma
Paraproteinemia
Abnormal platelet aggregation and reduced platelet retention can be found in the case of
Paraproteinemia
Particles with the size of 2-20 fl in automated instruments are enumerated as
Platelets
Polycythemia Vera
Thrombocytosis
Aplastic Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Acute leukemia
Thrombocytopenia
Gaucher’s Disease
Thrombocytopenia
Splenectomy
Thrombocytosis
Anticoagulant for platelet count
EDTA
Platelet Estimate Procedure
Done using OIF/ 8-20 plt per OIF
multiply by factor (20,000)
WBC estimate
HPF
Multiply by factor 2,000
Marked Increase
Above 800,000/ uL
0 - 49,000/uL platelets
Marked Decrease
100,000-149,000/uL
Slight decrease
150,000-190,000/uL
Low normal
401,000 - 599,000/uL
Slight increase
200,000 - 400,000/uL
Normal
600,000 - 800,000/uL
Moderate Increase
Normal Platelet Count + prolonged BT
- Qualitative platelet abnormality
- Primary Vascular abnormality
- VWD Disease
Low Platelet Count + Normal BT
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
Low platelet count + very prolonged BT
Simultaneous quantitative and qualitative platelet deficiency
Moderate Increase
50,000-99,000/uL
Abnormally Low Platelet Level
Spontaneous Bleeding possible
Severe spontaneous bleeding
less than 5,000/uL
30,000 - 50,000/uL platelet level
Bleeding possible with trauma
Specimen for Platelet Aggregation
Citrated blood
Platelet Aggregation Method
- Citrated blood
- Centri for 60-100g for 10 mins
- PRP + Aggregating agent / Agonist
- O.D monitored
Agonists for Platelet Aggregation
Epinephrine
Collagen
ADP
Ristocetin
VWD & BSS Platelet aggregation test results
Normal ECA
Abnormal Ristocetin
Glanzmann Thrombastenia Platelet Aggregation Test results
Normal Ristocetin
Abnormal ECA
Storage Pool Defect Platelet aggregation test results
Abnormal ECA
Abnormal Ristocetin
Test for Platelet Adhesion
Salzmann Method
Measures ability of platelets to adhere in glass surfaces
Platelet adhesion
Platelet Adhesiveness Formula
PC1-PC2/PC1 x 100
Test for platelet function
Clot retraction
Platelet Adhesiveness NV
26-60%
Responsible for Platelet retraction
Actomyosin/Thrombostenin
Formation of dimpling/droplet like serum
Castor Oil/Hirshboeck Method
Castor Oil /Hirshboeck NV
15-45 minutes
Test for clot retraction time that requires 3-5ml of blood amd observation fir 1/2/16/18/24 hrs
Stefanini
NV: Begins at 1 hr, complete within 18-24 hrs
Test fir Clot retraction time that uses 5 ml of blood and incubates at 37 degree C for 1 hr
McFarlane Method
Formula:
CRT= vol of serum/TV x 100
NV: 44-67%
Measures Capillaries to resist pressure
Capillary resistance test
Correlates with the degree of thrombocytopenia
Cappillary Resistance Test
Capillary resistance test
100 mm Hg 5 mins, after 15-30 mins, count petechiae
Capillary Resistance Test Grading
1+ (0-10) Few on arm
2+ (10-20) Many on arm
3+ (20-50) Multiple arm & hand
4+ (>50) Confluent on arm and hand
Bleeding Time NV
2-4 minutes
Method for Bleeding Time that employs puncture at fingertip/earlobe
Duke method
NV 2-4 mins
BT Method that uses cuff at 40 mm Hg
Ivy method
NV: 3-6 mins
Also known as enzyme precursors/zymogens
Coagulation Factors
Substrates having no biologic activity
Zymogens
Zymogens
II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII and Prekalikrein
Active form of Factor XIII
Transglutamase
The only substrate in the cascade that doesn’t become an activated enzyme
Fibrinogen
Where blood factors are mostly produced
Liver
Factors Activated at Cold Temperature
Factor VII / Factor XI
The only blood factors not produced in the liver
Factor XIII complex
VWF (Produced by megakaryocytes and endothelial cells)
Most Concentrated Coagulation Factor
Fibrinogen / Factor I
Hageman Factor
Factor XII
Prothrombin
Factor II
Fletcher Factor
Pre-kalikrein
Fitzgerald factor
HMWK
Fibrin Stabilizing Factor
XIII
Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent
Factor XI
Stuart-Prower Factor
Factor X
Plasma Thromboplastin Component
Factor IX
Antihemophillic Factor
VIII:C
Proconvertin
Factor VII
Proaccelerin
Factor V
Also known as the labile Factor
Factor V
Tissue Factor
Factor III
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s Test/ 5M Urea Solubility Test
Vitamin K Dependent Factors
II, VII, IX & X
Factors not present in Adsorbed Plasma
II, VII, IX, X
Major sites of coagulation inhibition
Endothelium and Platelets
Degrades Factor Va and VIIIa
Protein C and Protein S
Major inhibitor of thrombin
Antithrombin III
Inhibits the VIIa-tissue factor complex
Lipoprotein association coagulation inhibitor (LACI)
Inhibits thrombin
Heparin Cofactor II
Forms a complex with thrombin, kalikrein and plasmin
Alpha 2 Macroglobulin
Most common inherited coagulopathy
VWD
Autosomal recessive Factor V deficiency
Parahaemophilia
X-linked recessive Classic Royal Disease
Haemophilia A
Autosomal dominant Factor VIII Defeciency
vWD
X-linked recessive Christmas Disease
Haemophillia B (Factor IX deficiency)
Autosomal recessive Factor XI Deficiency
Haemophilia C/ Rosenthal Syndrome
Common in Eastern European Jewish descent & among Ashkenazi Jews
Haemophilia C/ Rosenthal Syndrome
Autosomal recessive Factor XII Deficiency shows
No bleeding
VWD Type that shows partial quantitative deficiency of VWF
1
Complete deficiency of vWF
Type 3 vWD
Qualitative Deficiency of vWF
Type 2 vWD
Decreased platelet-dependent vWF function with selective deficiency of HMWK multimers
Type 2a VWD
Increased Affinity for GP1b
Type 2b VWD
Decreased platelet-depended vWF function with HMW multimers present
Type 2M VWD
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time
Capillary Blood Method Two Types
- Drop/Slide
* Capillary Tube/ Dale & Lidlaw
Capillary Blood method NV
2-4 minutes
Capillary tube length and bore diameter
7-7.5 cm in length
1-1.2 mm in diameter
Coagulation/Clotting time that utilizes venous blood
Whole blood/Lee and White
NV: 7-15 mins
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the extrinsic & common pathway
Prothrombin Time
NV: 10-12 sec
Specimen for PT
Citrated Blood
Blood factors that will be broken down at temperatures above 37 C
Factors V & VIII
Blood factors that will be activated at cold temperatures
Fsctors VII & XI
Nontraumatux venipuncture
Coagulation Testing
Specimen processing for APTT & PT
APTT (4 hrs)
PT (24 hrs)
At what temperature must coagulation testing be done
37 C
Detects coagulation factor deficiency of the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT
NV: 25-35 sec
APTT reagent
Activators: Kaolin Cellite + Ellagic Acid
Phospholipid as Substrate
CaCL2 Rgt
Directly activates Factor X
Stypven Time/ Russel Viper Time
NV: 6-10 sec
Detects deficiency of the common pathway
Stypven Time/Russel Viper Time
Prolonged in Fibrinogen deficiency
Thrombin Time
NV:10-14 sec
Presence of Fibrinogen degradation product leads to
Prolonged TT
Reptillase Time enzyme can be extracted from the venom of?
Bothrops atrox snake
Test not affected by Heparin for the detection of Fibrinogen deficiency
Reptillase time
NV:10-15 secs
Test for Factor XIII Deficiency
Duckert’s test/ 5M Urea Solubility test
NV: Clot is insoluble to urea
Substitute for 5M Urea
- 1% Monochloroacetic Acid
* 2% Acetic Acid
Lee and White Clotting Time Method Equipments
Water bath at 37 C
Glass Test Tube 13 x 100 mm
Stop watch and plastic syringe (10 mL)
20-G Needle
Abnormal PTT results associated with bleeding shows in deficiency of what factors?
XI
IX
VIII
Thombin Group
I
V
VIII
XIII
Prothrombin Family
II
VII
IX
X
Contact Family
HMWK
XII
XI
Prekalikrein
All prothrombin group factors are present in serum except
Factor II
Calcium independent Family
Contact Family
Inactivate an activated coagulation factor or block interaction between coagulation factors and platelets
Circulating Anticoagulants
Remedy for Lupus Inhibitor
- Dilute Russel Viper Venom Time
* Platelet neutralization procedure
Visual Detection of Fibrin Clot formation
Tilt tube method
Electromechanical detection of fibrin clot formation
Fibrometer
Semi-automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin Clot Formation
Electra 750 and 750A
Fibrintimer series
FP 910 Coagulation Analyzer
Automated instruments for Photo-optical detection of Fibrin clot formation
Ortho Koagulab 16s and 40a
Coag-A-Mate X2 and XC
MLA Electra 700 and 800
Measures period required for free formation of blood to clot after it has been removed from the body
Coagulation/Clotting Time