M: Retrieval Failure

Question 1

What is retrieval failure?

Answer 1

When info is stored associated cues are placed with it
Forgetting due to insufficient cues
The lack of accessibility rather than availability

Question 2

Tulving (1983)
Encoding Specificity Principle

Answer 2

If a cue is to help us recall info it has to be present at encoding and at retrieval

Question 3

What are state dependent cues?

Answer 3

Cues of internal state at time of encoding
e.g. under influence

Question 4

What are context dependent cues?

Answer 4

Cues about surroundings
e.g. location at time of encoding

Question 5

Abernathy (1940)

Answer 5

Pps. learnt material
Group 1- tested in same room by same teacher
2- unfamiliar room and teacher
Group 1 performed better

Question 6

Overton (1972)

Answer 6

Pps. learnt material drunk/sober
Recall worse when in different state at recall than at coding
Supports state dependent forgetting

Question 7

Goddon and Baddeley (1975)

Answer 7

Learnt material dry/underwater
Better recall when tested in same context
Supports context dependent forgetting

Question 8

Darley et al. (1973)

Answer 8

Pps. hid money high on marijuana and struggled to find it when not high
Supports state dependent forgetting

Question 9

Opposing evidence

Answer 9

Has to be big difference in context dependent cues to see a difference
Lacking validity- using cues is artificial measure of memory (does not represent how we use cues irl)