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Dave > Respiratory Zone > Flashcards

Respiratory Zone Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the acinus?

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

The acinus extends from the ______ to the ______

A

respiratory bronchiole, alveolus

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3
Q

The acinus includes: (4)

A
  1. Respiratory bronchioles
  2. Alveolar ducts
  3. Alveolar sacs
  4. Alveoli
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4
Q

The acinus is also known as a(n):

A

lobule

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5
Q

The respiratory bronchioles are distal to the:

A

terminal bronchioles

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6
Q

Purposes of the respiratory bronchioles:

A
  1. Conducting airway

2. Transitional airway&raquo_space; some gas exchange

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7
Q

What structure has occasional budding alveoli?

A

respiratory bronchioles

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8
Q

The alveolar ducts arise from the ________

A

respiratory bronchioles

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9
Q

The alveolar ducts have a ________ structure

A

tube-like

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10
Q

The walls of the alveolar ducts are made up of:

A

many alveoli

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11
Q

Approximately ___% of gas exchange occurs at the alveolar ducts

A

35%

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12
Q

Alveolar sacs are clusters of (#) alveoli

A

10-16

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13
Q

____% of gas exchange occurs at the alveoli

A

65%

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14
Q

There are (#) alveoli in total

A

300 million

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15
Q

There are (#) capillary segments per alveolus

A

1000

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16
Q

Surface area of the alveoli/capillaries is:

A

50-100 m^2

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17
Q

What are Pores of Kohn?

A

openings between the type 1 alveolar epithelial cells

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the Pores of Kohn?

A

allow for collateral ventilation so alveoli don’t collapse

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19
Q

What may cause Pores of Kohn to increase in number and size?

A

disease

20
Q

Overall thickness of the A/C membrane:

A

0.5 micrometers

21
Q

Three parts of the A/C membrane:

A
  1. Alveolar epithelium
  2. Interstitium/Basement membrane
  3. Capillary endothelium
22
Q

Tight junction:

A

tight area between alveolar type 1 cells

23
Q

Loose junction:

A

endothelial capillary cell junctions

24
Q

Type 1 alveolar epithelial cells are: (structural description - 3 points)

A

flat and thin with long cytoplasmic extensions

25
Q

95% of the alveolar surface is made of:

A

type 1 alveolar epithelial cells

26
Q

Purpose of the type 1 alveolar epithelial cells:

A

gas exchange

27
Q

Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells are _____ than type 1

A

fatter

28
Q

Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells are located:

A

interspersed among type 1 cells

29
Q

Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells contain: (2)

A
  1. microvilli

2. lamellar bodies

30
Q

Microvilli description and function:

A

blunt-like projections, increase SA for diffusion

31
Q

Lamellar bodies are found:

A

in the cytoplasm

32
Q

Function of lamellar bodies: (2)

A

produce surfactant and lysosomal enzymes

33
Q

Surfactant is found in the:

A

Alveolar fluid layer

34
Q

Surfactant is produced and recycled by:

A

type 2 alveolar cells

35
Q

Surfactant is made up of: (2)

A

90% phospholipids, 10% proteins

36
Q

Primary phospholipid in surfactant:

A

lecithin

37
Q

At what age does lecithin begin to appear in significant amounts?

A

35 weeks gestation

38
Q

What is the L/S ratio?

A

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin

39
Q

Primary purpose of surfactant:

A

Reduce surface tension (ST)

40
Q

Type 3 alveolar macrophages are _____ cells

A

migratory

41
Q

Type 3 alveolar macrophages have _______ action (2)

A

phagocytic and lymphocytic

42
Q

Lymphocytic action of the type 3 alveolar macrophages can:

A

cause destruction of elastin and collagen fibers

43
Q

The interstitium consists of: (3)

A
  1. Interstitial fluid
  2. Collagen
  3. Elastin
44
Q

Purposes of the interstitium: (3)

A
  1. Gives shape and structure to the alveoli
  2. Prevents over-distension of alveoli
  3. Absorbs fluid from vasculature via lymphatics
45
Q

The pulmonary capillary endothelium is made of _____ cells

A

simple squamous

46
Q

The pulmonary capillary endothelium is very ______ and allows _______

A

leaky, fluid and/or substances to pass into the interstitium

47
Q

Endothelial cells have ______ called ________

A

cavities, caveolae

Dave (5 decks)

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