Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs per breath

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2
Q

minute ventilation

A

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in 1 min

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3
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

maximum amount of air that can be forcebly inspired in addition to tidal volume

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4
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

maximum amount of air that can be forcibly expired in addition to tidal volume

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5
Q

vital capacity

A

Maximum volume of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration

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6
Q

residual volume

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration

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7
Q

total lung capacity

A

vital capacity + residual volume

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8
Q

minute ventilation

A

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in 1 min

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9
Q

heart rate

A

number of beats per minute

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10
Q

cardiac hypertrophy

A

increased cardiac muscle mass

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11
Q

Anticipatory Rise

A

Increase in heart rate in preperation of exercise

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12
Q

role of alveoli

A

allows gaseous exchange between lungs and the blood

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13
Q

How is the alveoli suited to gasesous exchange

A
  • 1 cell thick
  • large surface area
  • large blood supply
  • partially permeable membrane
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14
Q

what is diffusion

A

the movement of a gas from an area of high to low concentration. (down the concentration gradient)

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15
Q

where are the two sites of respiration

A

lungs and muscles

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16
Q

3 impacts of smoking on the respiratory system

A
  1. damaged cilia
  2. blocked bronchi
  3. alveoli covered in tar
17
Q

impact of damaged cilia

A
  • more debris can enter the lungs
  • can’t be brushed up and out
  • reduces good performance
18
Q

impacts of blocked bronchi

A
  • less air is able to travel into lungs and alveoli
  • decreased tidal volume
  • reduces physical activity (easy fatigue)
19
Q

impacts of alevoli coated in tar

A
  • redcues surface area
  • reduces gasesous exchange
  • reduces physical activity
20
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Detect changes in co2 and pH

21
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Detects chnage in blood pressure

22
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Detects change in muscle length

23
Q

role of the inspiratory centre

A

responsible for inspiration and expiration

24
Q

role of the expiratory centre

A

stimulates the expiratory muscles during exercise

25
Q

role of stretch receptors

A

Detects overinflation of the lungs

26
Q

partial pressure

A

the pressure exerted by a gas within a mixture of gases

27
Q

Role of the phrenic nerve

A

causes diaphragm to contract and expand.

This gives the lungs the ability to inhale and exhale air

28
Q

Role of the intercostal nerve

A

contract and move the ribs upwards and outwards.

This increases the size of the chest and decreases the air pressure inside it which sucks air into the lungs.

29
Q

The order of increased inspiration during exercise is:

A

Receptors - medulla oblongata - phrenic nerve - inspiratory muscles

(diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes and pectoralis minor)

30
Q

The order for expiration during exercise is:

A

Receptors - medulla oblongata - intercostal nerve - abdominals and internal intercostals

31
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from blood into the air

32
Q

medulla oblongata

A

In the brain, motor and sensory neurons travel through

33
Q

vascular shunting

A

Blood can be redistributed to body parts

34
Q

What is the hering breur reflex

A

A reflex triggered to prevent the over-inflation of the lung.