Respiratory Shorts

Question 1

Causes of ILD

Answer 1

Idiopathic pulmonary Fibrosis
Radiation
Drug induced - MTX, Bleomycin, Amiodarone
Environmental exposures - Asbestosis, CWP, Silicosis
Autoimmune - RA, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Scleroderma
Sarcoidosis
TB

Question 2

Causes of Apical Fibrosis

Answer 2

TRASH - C 
TB 
Radiation 
ABPA, Ankylosing spondylitis 
Silicosis, Sarcoidosis 
Histiocytosis 
CWP

Question 3

Causes of Pleural Effusions

Answer 3

Transudative

1. CCF
2. Hepatic Hydrothorax
3. Nephrotic Syndrome

Exudative

1. Paranpneumonic effusions
2. Other infections - TB
3. Malignancy
4. Autoimmune - Serositis - SLE, RA

Question 4

Lights criteria

Answer 4

Pleural fluid protein : Serum Protein >0.5
Pleural Fluid LDH : Serum LDH >0.6
or Pleural Fluid LDH >2/3 ULN of Serum

= One criteria means exudative

Question 5

Causes Of bronchiectasis

Answer 5

1. Infections
   - Recurrent childhood infections
   - TB
   - ABPA
2. Obstruction - Foreign body, Endobronchial (Tumour), LN (Sarcoid, TB)
3. Mucocillary clearance disorders - Primary Cillary Dyskinesia, CF
4. Immunodeficiencies - CVID, hypogammaglobulinaemia