Respiration and Metabolsim Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
An exothermic reaction (transfers energy to the environment) which is continuously occurring in living cells.The energy transferred supplies all the energy needed for living processes.
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
The mitochondria
What do organisms need energy for?
Movement, keeping warm and chemical reactions to build larger molecules
What’s the word equation for Aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + O2 —> Co2 + H2O
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose —> Lactic Acid
Where does anaerobic respiration in humans take place?
The muscles
Why does anaerobic respiration produce much less energy than Aerobic respiration?
The glucose is not oxidised
What is the equation for Anaerobic respiration in yeast?
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy release
What is another way of saying anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?
fermentation
What happens to the human body when exercising?
The heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood. This enables increased cellular respiration so more energy is transferred to meet the demands of the muscle cells.
What happens if insufficient amounts of oxygen are supplied?
Anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles. The incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build-up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt. During long periods of vigorous activity muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.
What happens to lactic acid after anaerobic respiration?
Blood flowing through the muscles transports it back to the liver where it is converted back to glucose
What is oxygen debt?
Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.
Metabolism includes:
conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
respiration
breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.
