Resipratory Malfunctions

Question 1

What are the 3 malfunctions?

Answer 1

• Cystic fibrosis
• Asthma
• Emphysema

Question 2

Cystic fibrosis?

Answer 2

• Caused by a mutation of the CFTR gene.
• The gene regulates the flow of salts and fluids, the defect meaning that a build-up of sticky mucus is formed.
• Symptoms: Thick mucus blocking airway; Reoccuring chest infections; Shortness of breath; Trouble breathing; Fatigued/Malnourished

Question 3

Managing CF?

Answer 3

• Antibiotics to combat chest infections.
• Enzyme supplements to help digest food.
• Bronchiodilator to widen the Bronchi.
• Vibrating jacket to dislodge the mucus.
• Last resort (and rare) lung transplant.

Question 4

Asthma?

Answer 4

• Bronchi and Bronchioles narrow, preventing airflow.
• Possible causes include family history and allergy-related conditions.
• Triggers: Smoke; Dust; Exercise.
• Symptoms: Wheezing; Breathlessness; Chest tightness; Shortness of breath

Question 5

Managing Asthma?

Answer 5

• Use of inhalers (preventer, reliever, or combination).

Question 6

Emphysema?

Answer 6

• Walls of the alveoli get damaged, decreasing the surface area available for gaseous exchange, and preventing O2 from flowing in sufficient volumes.
• Can result in lung cancer, along with decreased physical activity due to lack of oxygen.
• Symptoms: Chest pain; Shortness of breath; Wheezing; Persistent cough.
• Causes: Smoking; Air pollution

Question 7

Managing Emphysema?

Answer 7

Stop smoking, if a smoker.

Question 8

Equipment to use?

Answer 8

• Spirometer (small machine, attached by a cable, to a mouthpiece; carried out to help diagnose a lung condition).
• Inhalers
• Nebuliser (a machine to help inhale medications via a mask or mouthpiece).
• Peak Flow Monitor (a measurement of how quickly you can blow air out of your lungs; often used to help monitor or diagnose asthma).