Reproductive System Week 1-2 Flashcards
What is meiosis?
Process that makes egg and sperm
What is mitosis?
Process that makes identical copies of itself
What is fertilisation?
Fusion of eggs and sperm
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
How much do the chromosomes split into?
23 in pairs
From the pairs, what do they split into?
22 autosomes and 1 sex
What does are the 2 options for the sex?
- Female - xx
- Male - xy
What is growth?
The increase in size of an organism by increasing the number of cells
What is developement?
The cells specialise to perform a specific function
What is repair?
Process of replacing or fixing damaged tissue
What do indentical twins consitst of?
same egg and sperm
What do fraturnal twins consist of?
2 eggs and 2 sperm
What is cell division? (3)
- An organism grows
- Organsim replaces worn out
- Repairs damaged tissue
What are the steps of mitosis? (6)
- Parent cell which has grown 4 chromosomes
- DNA replicates and chromosomes shorten and join by a centromere
- Metaphase happens and the chromosomes line up at the cell’s equator
- Anaphase occurs and spindle fibres pull the chromatids apart
- Cytoplasm splits and nucleus membrane forms around each group of chromatids
- 2 identical daughter cells are formed with 4 chromosomes in each
What does meiosis produce?
Gametes (eggs and sperm)
What are the steps of meiosis? (7)
- Parent cell (2 pairs of chromosomes are visible)
- Chromosomes are doubled but attached at a point called centromere
- Homologous chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell
- One pair of chromosomes move to ends of cell
- Chromosomes line up in middle of each cell
- Chromosomes separate and move to the ends of cell
- Membrane produces 4 daughter cells
Where does mitosis occur?
Everywhere in the body
How many divisions does mitosis have?
1
How many cells does mitosis create?
2 cells
What is the number of chromsomes in mitosis?
46
What does mitosis produce?
Diploid
What is diploid?
Genetically identical cells
What is the function of mitosis?
Growth and repair
Where does miosis occur?
Testes and ovaries
How many divisions does meiosis have?
2
How many cells does meiosis create?
4 cells
What is the number of chromsomes in meiosis?
23
What does meiosis produce?
Haploid cells
What is the function of meiosis?
Reduction division
