Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 30 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is FSH?

A

Follicular Stimulating hormone- stimulates growth of the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Fallopian tubes or oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three trimesters called?

A
  1. Zygote
  2. embryo
  3. fetus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ovum or oocyte released from the ovaries is viable for how long?

A

12-14 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many chromosomes are in the egg and sperm cells?

A

23 each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The zygote has how many chromosomes?

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Zygote cell division called?

A

Cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The 16 cell stage is called?

A

The morula- considered an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many days does it take the egg to reach the uterus?

A

3 to 4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When the egg implants on the endometrium what is it called?

A

Blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The blastocyst is made up of what two groups of cells?

A

Trophoblast and embryoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the trophoblast?

A
  • Becomes chorion and eventually the placenta
  • secretes enzymes that digest the endometrium and allow implantation
  • secretes hCG which maintains the corpus luteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What hormone do pregnancy tests look for in urine?

A

hCG

High amount in first 2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an embryoblast?

A

Inner cell mass of the blastocyst

Develops into embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the third embryonic development stage?

A

Gastrulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 3 cell layers are formed during Gastrulation?

A

Ectoderm: NS and skin

Mesoderm: skeleton, muscles and reproductive structures

Endoderm: lining of digestive and respiratory systems and endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the chorion?

A

Formed from trophoblast

Outermost membrane of embryo

Forms fetal part of placenta

Attaches to endometrium with chorionic villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the placenta made from?

A

Chorion and endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A
  • Passes nutrients and oxygen from mom to baby
  • CO2 and waste from baby to mom
  • Mom and baby’s blood do not mix
  • moms antibodies pass into babies blood
  • produces estrogen and progesterone and hCG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do mom and Babies blood mix?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of estrogen?

A

Causes endometrium to thicken

Triggers release of egg

Triggers inhibition of FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long is the flow phase and what occurs during?

A

Days 1-5

Low hormone levels- endometrium sheds

Low hormone levels cause:
Headaches, cramps, bloating, nausea and mood changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long is the follicular phase and what occurs during?

A

Days 6-13

Increase in FSH levels
Follicle matures
Follicle cells secrete estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When is the ovulation phase and what occurs during?

A

Day 14(ish)

Fertile for about 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the luteal phase and what occurs during?

A

Days 15-28

-LH causes remaining follicle cells to form corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Function of corpus luteum?

A

-Secretes progesterone and estrogen
-thickens uterine lining
Fertilization?
-corpus luteum lasts until placenta is functional
No fertilization?
- corpus luteum degenerates
- estrogen and progesterone levels decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Inhibits further ovulation

Prevents uterine contractions

When progesterone levels drop off, uterine contractions begin and endometrium is shed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is FSH female?

A

Stimulates development of follicle

Causes follicle to secrete estrogen:

  • thickens endometrium
  • causes LH to release(mid-cycle)
30
Q

What is LH female?

A

Causes ovulation(mid-cycle)

Causes development of corpus luteum

31
Q

What does high estrogen levels do in uterus?

A

Inhibits FSH production

32
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Secretes estrogen and progesterone

Thickens endometrium(estrogen)

Inhibits FSH and LH

33
Q

Gonads of female anatomy

A

Ovaries

34
Q

Oviducts receive oocyte from ovaries by which organ?

A

Fimbriae

35
Q

Uterus two layers?

A

Myometrium and endometrium

36
Q

Myometrium

A

Muscle layer of uterus

Supports baby

Pushes baby into birth canal

37
Q

Endometrium

A

Blood vessel lining

Nourishes embryo

Shed during period

38
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Embryo implants in oviduct

Almost always causes stillbirth or death in mother

Must be removed

39
Q

Cervix

A

Neck of uterus

Holds fetus in place during pregnancy

Pap test= check for cervical cancer

40
Q

External genitalia of vagina

A

Labia majora

Labia minora

Clitoris

41
Q

Oogenisis definition

A

Egg development

42
Q

Estrogen at 9-13 causes

A

Final growth of primary sex organs

Secondary sex characteristics

Follicle development(ovum) each month

43
Q

FSH in male

A

Causes spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules

44
Q

LH in male

A

Causes interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Need testosterone to make sperm

45
Q

Negative feedback for FSH in males

A

High sperm count

High levels of inhibin

46
Q

What is inhibin

A

Hormone that turns off spermatogenesis when there is a high sperm count

47
Q

Negative feedback for LH in men

A

High level of testosterone

48
Q

What inhibits FSH production in females

A

High estrogen levels

49
Q

Male gonads

A

Testes

50
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Seminiferous tubules

51
Q

Function of Sertoli cells

A

Found within seminiferous tubules

Supply nutrients to developing sperm cells

52
Q

Interstitial cells

A

Produce testosterone

Found between seminiferous tubules

53
Q

3 parts of sperm cells

A

Head- 23 chromosomes
-acrosome

Middle-mitochondria
-moves tail

Tail(flagellum)
-motility

54
Q

What is the epididymis

A

On top of testis

Stores immature Sperm
-become fertile and motile in epididymis

55
Q

Ductus(vas) deferens

A

Connected to epididymis

Storage duct

Carries sperm to ejaculatory duct

Cauterized for vasectomy

56
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Controls semen entering urethra

Carries sperm to penis

57
Q

Seminal glands function

A

Fructose: provides energy to sperm

Prostaglandins: causes reverse peristalsis in female
- helps sperm get to egg

58
Q

Prostate gland

A

Located in front of rectum and surrounds urethra

Alkaline buffer to acidic vagina

Prostatitis: enlarge prostate, strangles urethra causes difficulty urinating

59
Q

Coopers gland

A

Secrete mucus prior to ejaculation to euthanize semen in urethra from urine

60
Q

Andropause

A

Drop in testosterone levels at 40

Loss of bone and muscle mass

Low sperm production

61
Q

3 bacterial STI’s

A

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Syphilis

62
Q

Amnion

A

Sack filled with amnionic fluid

Cushions embryo

Temperature regulation

63
Q

Allantois

A

Forms umbilical cord

Connects fetus to placenta

1 umbilical vein + 2 umbilical arteries

Becomes part of bladder

64
Q

First trimester development

A
  • Neurulation
  • Organs formed
  • cartilage skeleton formed
  • body grows in length
  • determinable sex at end
65
Q

Second trimester development

A
  • detectable heart beat
  • bones begin to form
  • NS starts functioning
  • limbs grow(movement)
66
Q

Third trimester development

A
  • Brain grows rapidly
  • testes descend
  • fat layer grows
  • digestive and respiratory systems mature last
67
Q

Teratogen

A

Monster forming
-substance that disrupts fecal development
- most harmful during 1st trimester
Example: cigarettes, alcohol

68
Q

Sedative to help with morning sickness causing flipper like arms and legs in babies?

A

Thalidomide

69
Q

Estrogen and progesterone and produces first by________ and second by________

A

Corpus luteum

Placenta

70
Q

Relaxin

A

Produced by placenta

Causes hips to widen for childbirth

71
Q

Parturition

A

Positive feedback:

  1. Head pushes on cervix
  2. Nerve impulses to hypothalamus
  3. Post. Pit. Releases oxytocin
  4. Oxytocin causes uterus to contact
    - directly or indirectly through prostaglandins
  5. Pushes fetus downward causing cervix to stretch even more

Bio 30 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions