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1MB - 3MB OSCEs > Renal (urinalysis) > Flashcards

Renal (urinalysis) Flashcards

1
Q

Sweet odour

A

DKA/glycosuria

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2
Q

Pungent odour

A

Infection

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3
Q

What does specific gravity indicate?

A

Amount of solute dissolved in urine

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4
Q

Increased specific gravity = ?

A

Dehydration
SIADH
HR/Renal artery stenosis
Proteinuria

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5
Q

Decreased specific gravity = ?

A

DI
Renal impairment
Psychogenic polydipsia

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6
Q

Alkaline pH = ?

A

Systemic: Alkalosis, vegetarian/low carb diet
Local: UTI, renal tubular acidosis

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7
Q

Acidic pH = ?

A

Systemic: acidosis, diarrhoea, starvation
Acidosis: High protein diet, cranberry

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8
Q

Causes of haematuria?

A

ONNIT
Obstruction (calculi)
Neoplasm (TCC/RCC)
Nephritic syndrome (glomerulonephritis)
Inflammation (UTI)
Trauma

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9
Q

Causes of haemoglobinuria?

A

Intravascular haemolysis (sickle cell)

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10
Q

Causes of myoglobinuria?

A

Rhabdomyolysis

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11
Q

Causes of proteinuria?

A

Decreased renal reabsorption: Nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis
Increased serum protein: myeloma
Local infection: UTI

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12
Q

Causes of leukocyte esterase?

A

UTI

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13
Q

Causes of nitrates?

A

Gram negative UTI

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14
Q

Causes of glucose?

A

Hyperglycaemia: DM, Cushing’s, acromegaly
Renal glycosuria: Pregnancy, renal tubular disease, SGLT-2 inhibitors

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15
Q

Causes of ketones?

A

Starvation/low card diet
Diabetes/DKA
Alcoholism
Pregnancy
Hyperthyroidism

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16
Q

Causes of bilirubin?

A

Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: bile duct obstruction liver disease

17
Q

Causes of increased urobilinogen?

A

Increased billirubin turnover: haemolytic anaemia

18
Q

Causes of decreased urobilinogen?

A

Bile duct obstruction

19
Q

Interpret the following urinalysis

A

Protein - nephrotic syndrome and CKD
Blood - UTI, stones, injury, malignancy

Dx: Renal cancer

1MB - 3MB OSCEs (12 decks)

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