Renal System & Diseases

Question 0

Kidney disease lasting more than _____ days is considered chronic

Answer 0

30 days

Question 1

People of ________ descent are ____ times more likely to have end stage renal disease

Answer 1

African American

8x

Question 2

What are some ocular symptoms that would make you suspect renal disease?

Answer 2

Ca2+ deposits Ono lids or conj, lid edema, corneal changes, anorexia, cataracts, uveitis, ONH edema, druses around the macula and retinal changes

Question 3

Aside from the fact that renal diseases can cause ocular changes, why should optometrists care about renal diseases?

Answer 3

Renal diseases influenced dosing

Question 4

Renal disease increases the chance of getting _______, _______, & _______ by what percentages?

Answer 4

ARMD - 3x
Dry eyes -16%
Red eye (of uremia)

Question 5

What are the function of the kidney besides waste removal?

Answer 5

Regulate the composition of blood, water, ions, acid - base balance, and excrete foreign substances

Question 6

Explain why the kidney plays a role in the development of hypertension

Answer 6

The kidney secretes erythropoietin which is a major contributor of of RBC development & regulates water concentration which affects BP

Question 7

How much does a typical kidney weight?
What percentage of blood does the kidney receive from the heart? How much of that blood is filtered and what does the rest of the blood do?

Answer 7

The kidney weighs 1/4 lb and receives 20% of blood. 20% of that blood is filtered while the rest provides nutrients and support

Question 8

The kidney is supplied by the renal vein and the renal artery, where does those vessels branch off from?

Answer 8

Inferior vena cava and aorta

Question 9

What is the rate at which blood flows through the kidney?

Answer 9

1.2 liter / min

Question 10

Where in the kidney does most of the absorption occur?

Answer 10

Medulla

Question 11

the concentration of Na+ in the kidney medulla is _____ (higher/lower) than in the kidney cortex

Answer 11

Higher

Question 12

Where in the kidney does filtration occur?

Answer 12

Cortex

Question 13

Where are nephrons located in the kidney? What is their function?

Answer 13

Nephrons are found in the medulla and cortex

Nephrons produce urine by filtering the blood

Question 14

What capillary reabsorbs nutrients filtered out from the kidneys?

Answer 14

Peri tubular capillary which absorbs nutrients and water and provides blood supply to the renal tissues

Question 15

Are nephrons closed or open circuit?

Answer 15

Closed

Question 16

Where is bowman’s capsule located? What cells are also found here, what are their functions?

Answer 16

Glomerulus of the nephron.

Juxtaglomerular cells can be found here interacting with baroreceptors

Question 17

Juxtaglomerular cells secretes ______ which regulates vessels in the kidney

Answer 17

Renin