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Block II > Reminders > Flashcards

Reminders Flashcards

1
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands produce?
What do seminal vesicles produce?
What do prostate produce?

A

Bulbourethral gland - alkalinic pre-ejaculate
Seminal vesicles - fructose (70% of the fluid)
Prostatic fluid- alkalinic, milky fluid

All mix in the urethra.

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2
Q

Uterine prolapse - what two ligaments are responsible for it?

A

Protrusion of cervix of uterus into lower vagina caused by weakness of muscles, ligaments, and fascia of the pelvic floor, such as the pelvic diaphragm, urogenial diaphragm, and ligaments of the uterus).

Uterosacral & Transverse cervical

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3
Q

Pubocervical ligament

A

Runs from pubic symphysis to cervix; prevents bladder herniation into the anterior wall of the vagina (rectocele)

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4
Q

Posterior scrotum and posterior labia gets innervated by___?

A

pudendal nerve

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5
Q

Anterior scrotum and anterior labia majus is innervated

A

ilioinguinal

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6
Q

superior hypogastric plexus is anterior to

A

Lumbosacral joint

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7
Q

Superior hypogastric plexus is made of what type of fibers

A

sympathetic

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8
Q

Inferior hypogastric plexus is made of what type of fibers?

A

Mix of parasympathetic, sympathetic, and visceral afferent plexus

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9
Q

Seminal vesicles are innervated by sympathetic nervous system via what plexus?

A

Inferior hypogastric pelxus

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10
Q

Where do you often get infra-aortic aneurysms?

A

Right below the renal arteries

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11
Q

Why do you often get emboli at the SMA?

A

It takes off at a steep angle

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12
Q

In a kidney donation, which pole would you sacrifice- superior or inferior? Why?

A

Inferior because it feeds the pelvis & ureters

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13
Q

In a kidney donation, it’s easy to accidentally cut into the hilar lymph nodes because they so closely follow the arteries. What do you do to the patient’s diet when they have a lymph leak?

A

Put them on a low fat diet because lymph is high in fat –> limit inflow

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14
Q

Kidney refers pain to the

A

Back

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15
Q

Renal agenesis vs Dysplastic kidney

A

Renal agenesis - no ureteric bud, no kidney

Dysplastic kidney - incomplete ureteric bud,

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16
Q

Openings in diaphragm and approx vertebral level

A

IVC: T8

Esophageal hiatus: T10

Aortic Hiatus: T12

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17
Q

Why is the round ligament (+ovarian ligament) considered the remnant of the gubernaculum in women?

A

It anchors the ovary+uterus to the labia major the same way that the remnant of the gubernaculum in men (scrotal ligament) anchors the testes to the scrotum.

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18
Q

Cystoceles (bladder prolapse into vagina) result from a defect in what?

A

Tendinous arch of fascia pelvis or pubocervical fascia

Tendinous arch of fascia pelvis: Dense band of connective tissue connecting levator ani fascia to the pubocervical fascia (covers anterior wall of vagina).

Important to urinary continence.

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19
Q

Primitive gonad is called the

A 
gonadal blastema
(formed when primordial germ cells migrate to the dorsal mesentery, enter the embryo proper, form the gonadal ridge, and form the sex cords)
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20
Q

anterior recess of ischioanal fossa is innervated by what branch of pudendal?

A

perineal nerve

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21
Q

anal canal and skin of anus is innervated by what branch of pudendal?

A

inferior rectal

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22
Q

anal canal above the pectinate line drains into the ___ nodes.

anal canal above the pectinate line drains into the __ nodes.

A

above -> internal iliac

below -> inguinal

23
Q

What muscle will force blood from the crus of the clitoris into the distal part of the corpus cavernosum clitoris?

A

Ischiocavernosus

24
Q

The ureter can be found in what part of the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium

25
Q

Except for the trigone, the bladder is derived from tissue associated with the ___ embryologically.

A

cloaca/urogenital sinus

26
Q

Horseshoe kidney is found at what level of the abdomen?

A

IMA level

27
Q

What ducts give rise to the ductus deferens?

A

Mesonephric ducts

28
Q

Intersititial cells of leydig (makes testosterone)are from what kind of embryonic tissue?

A

intermediate mesoderm

29
Q

The ventral aspect and raphe of the penis in the male is developmentally homologous to which one of the female structures?

A

labia minora

30
Q

Tumor in the head of the pancreas likely obstruct what structure?

A

common bile duct

31
Q

Tumor in the head of the pancreas near the uncinate process will likely obstruct what vessel?

A

SMA

32
Q

A man has a tumor at the neck of the pancreas. What structure will receive metastatic cells first? What vessel could be obstructed?

A

Liver will receive it; portal vein will be obstructed

33
Q

Venous drainage of pancreas

A

Splenic vein -> portal vein

34
Q

A woman had pain from the epigastrium that moved to the right hypochondrium region. She has a tender abdomen, positive murphy sign, thickened gallbladder wall, and elevated bilirubin. What structure is most likely obstructed?

A

Common bile duct obstruction would cause backflow to gallbladder with jaundice.

35
Q

What part of the duodenum crosses the aorta, IVC, and vertebral column?

A

3rd

36
Q

A neurectomy is performed to interrupt the neural pathway carrying pain from the pancreas. Which structure was severed?

A

Foregut -> Celiac ganglion. Nerve cell bodies of these visceral afferent fibers are located in the DRG of T5-T9

37
Q

The coelomic sac (internal surface of body cavity) is made of ___thelium

A

Mesothelium

38
Q

What organ develops in the ventral mesentery?

A

Gallbladder

39
Q

Which ends of the paramesonephric/Mullerian ducts are supposed to fuse to avoid bicornuate uterus or double uterus?

A

the caudal ends are supposed to fuse

The cranial ends don’t fuse to become fallopian tubes

40
Q

What ligaments support the upper vagina and cervix?

A

Transverse cervical & uterosacral ligaments

41
Q

What ligaments support the mid vagina? Prevents cystocele.

A

Pubocervical fascia between bladder & vagina

42
Q

What ligaments support the distal vagina?

A

Urogenital diaphragm; the attachments to pubic bone & levator ani

43
Q

The median umbilical ligament continues to the median umbilical fold from the ___ of the bladder

A

apex

44
Q

what ligaments anchor the neck of the bladder?

A

pubovesical (female)

puboprostatic (male)

45
Q

morison’s pouch

A

hepatorenal pouch

46
Q

perforation of the posterior wall of the stomach will cause stomach contents to end up the lesser sac. What artery is behind the stomach that could also be affected?

A

splenic artery

47
Q

perforation of the posterior wall of the duodenum can damage what large artery?

A

Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

48
Q

Lesser omentum is derived from __ mesentery

Greater omentum is derived from __ mesenetery

A

Lesser omentum -> ventral mesentery

Greater omentum -> dorsal mesentery

49
Q

What are the only prevertebral plexuses in the abdomen that is ONLY sympathetic?

A

Inferior mesenteric plexus
Superior hypogastric plexus

Celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal are all a mix of S & P

50
Q

The vagus nerve is a pat of what plexus?

A

Celiac plexus - feeds foregut & midgut

51
Q

The pelvic splanchnic nerves are part of what plexus?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus - feeds pelvis & hindgut

52
Q

what artery anastomoses with the deep circumflex iliac artery?

A

iliolumbar artery

53
Q

true conjugate

A

sacral promontory to pubic symphysis (AP)

Block II (17 decks)

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