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Religious Studies- GCSE > Religion - Islam - Beliefs and Teachings > Flashcards

Religion - Islam - Beliefs and Teachings Flashcards

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1
Q

Tawhid

The oneness of God and the Supremacy of God’s will

A

Belief in only one God - monotheism

Both Sunni and Shia

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2
Q

Tawhid Quote

The oneness of God and the Supremacy of God’s will

A

‘He is the One, God the eternal. (He begot no one nor was begotten. No one is comparable to him)

- Qur’an Surah 112

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3
Q

Tawid Quote - Shahadah

The oneness of God and the Supremacy of God’s will

A

‘There is no God but Allah (and Muhammad is his prophet)

Shahadah

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4
Q

Supremacy of Gods will

The oneness of God and the Supremacy of God’s will

A
  1. god controls everything - good and bad
  2. god must have a reason for everything
  3. muslims should accept everything as the will of god
  4. question of free will

Sunni article of faith

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5
Q

Supremacy of Gods will - Quote

The oneness of God and the Supremacy of God’s will

A
  1. ‘you who belive, obey God and the Messenger’
  2. ‘Misfortunes can only happen with Gods permission’

Quran

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6
Q

Impact of Tawid

The oneness of God and the Supremacy of God’s will

A
  1. only god should be worshiped (not Muhammad)
  2. Idolatry is forbidding
  3. god should be the most important thing, always
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7
Q

Impact of Supremacy of Gods will

The oneness of God and the Supremacy of God’s will

A
  • Muslims should accept the bad things that happen
  • Accept they cannot understand god plans
  • Muslims must try to live accordingly to Gods will everyday
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8
Q

Sunni Muslims

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

A

Muslims who belive in Abu Kakr as the successor to Muhammad

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9
Q

Shi’a Muslims

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

A

Muslims who belive in the imamate, and the successorship of Ali

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10
Q

Sunni Islam - origin

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

A
  • Majority of Islam
  • when Muhammad died they belived only the Qur’an and Sunnah had athority to guide Muslim behavoir + beliefs
  • elected Abu Bakr to be caliph (leader) to act of behlf of God + Muhammad and enforce Gods laws.
  • Called sunni as followers of the Sunnah
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11
Q

Shi’a Islam - Origin

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

A
  • belives Muhammed named Ali (his cousin + son in law + one of earlies islamic converts) as sucsessor
  • Ali + his supporters thought the Iman (the true leader) must be descended from Muhammad + chooses by god
  • Imam would choose the next Imam before death
  • Ali was ignored by many muslims leading to a split.
  • Own interpretation on Islamic laws
  • only accept saying of Muhammad passed down through Ali + his followers
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12
Q

Caliph

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

A

Sunni leader of Islam - relgious ad political

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

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13
Q

Imam

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

A

Divinely appointed relgious leader of Shi’a Islam

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14
Q

Six articles of faith in Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

A
  • Tawid (oneness of God)
  • Angels
  • The authority of holy books
  • Prophethood
  • day of judgement (sent to paradise or hell)
  • supremacy of Gods will
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15
Q

Five roots of Usul Ad-Din in Shi’a islam

Sunni Islam and Shi’a Islam

A
  • Tahwid
  • Prophethood (Muhammad was last true profit + given gods revelation)
  • God is just + wise (can do no wrong but hold humans accountable) (Adalat)
  • Imamate (accepting 12 Imams as leaders of islam, gaurd truth of islam without error)
  • Resurrection (to be judged by God)
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16
Q

The names of Gods

Nature of God

A
  • 99 names of God each a quality Gods has revealed of himself (in the Qur’an and Hadith)
  • help Muslims understand Gods nature
  • any memorize and recite (when praying) names of God to help feel his presence
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17
Q

Names of God - Quote

Nature of God

A

‘The Most Excellent Names belong to God: use them to call on Him’

Qur’an

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18
Q

Qualities of God

Nature of God

A
  • immanent (within all things + close to people)
  • transcendent (beyond all things)
  • omnipotent (+ all knowing, creator sustainer and owner)
  • Beneficent (source of all Goodness)
  • merciful (understands suffering, forgivness genuine guilt)
  • fairness + justice (treat everyone equally + judges people on day of judgment)
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19
Q

Quality of God quote - Immanent

Nature of God

A

‘He is with you wherever you are’

Qur’an

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20
Q

Qualities of God - quote

Nature of God

A

‘…there is no God but Him, the creator of all things…He is in charge of everything…the All aware

Omnipotence, Omnificent

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21
Q

What are Angles

Angels

A
  • bring the word of God to prophets/ messengers of God
  • supernatrual beings
  • created by god from light
  • pure + sinless
  • no free will
  • praise and worship God

Sunni article of faith

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22
Q

Angles purpose

Angels

A
  • Get God’s words directly to pass on
  • involved in human life from (just after) conception until death
  • guardian angels take care of individuals
  • other angels record ‘book of deeds’ recording everything (someone says, does and thinks) which is used for judging on day of judgement.
  • escort people to paradise
  • guard gates of hell
  • can appear in human form.
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23
Q

Israfil

Angels

A
  • blow trumpet to annouce day of judgement
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24
Q

Jibril

Angels

A
  • archangel (higher status)
  • trusted messengers
  • Relayed the Qur’an to Muhammad
  • Appeared to Muhammad when he was child + purified his heart to recive gods revelation
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25
Q

Mika’il

Angels

A
  • Archangel (both christians and jews)
  • Angel of mercy
  • rewards righteous people for good on earth
  • weather (rain, thunder, lightning)
26
Q

Angel Quotes

Angels

A

‘… who made angels messengers with two, three, four (pairs of) wings’

‘…each person has angels before him and behind, watching over him (by Gods command)’

‘…they will find everything they did lain infront of them’

27
Q

Predestination - Sunni

Predestination

A
  • some belive god has determined everthing that will happen in the universe already
  • he has everything wirtten down in book of decrees
  • as the creater of all things everthing must act according to his will
  • supremacy of god will - he is so powerful he can determine everything
  • but people still have a choice of how they act
28
Q

Predestination - Shi’a

Predestination

A
  • God knows everything that is going to happen but he doesnt nessisarily decide it
  • people have free will -> make their own choices
  • god is outside of human time
29
Q

Predestination - Quotes

Predestination

A

sunni - ‘Only what god has decreed will happen to us’

shi’a - ‘God does not change the condition of a people (…unless they change what is in themselves’

both from Qur’an

30
Q

Day of Judgement Quote

Predestination

A

‘those who belive, do good deeds …. will have their reward with their lord’

Qur’an

31
Q

Akhirah

Life after Death

A
  • new stage of life after death
  • time of peace and happiness
  • achieved by living good life on earth
32
Q

After death

Life after Death

A
  • conscious existense in grave
  • state of wating ‘barzakh’ for the day of judgment
  • God sends two angles to question them about faith -> if answered right will see rewards if wrong then see their impending punishment
  • some think punishemns are imminent
  • others think you sleep till say of judgment

barzakh - ‘barrier’ no one can cross to amend sins or warn humanity.

33
Q

Day of Judgment

Life after Death

A
  • God will judge humans for everything during their lives
  • as humans have free will they are responsible for wether their rewarded or punished
  • will come when god purpose for universe is complete
  • Israfil will blow trumpet (announce destruction of the world)
  • everyone ever lived will be resurrected and judged
  • world will be tranformed into new world (akhira)
  • people will be given new bodies + book of deeds
  • God will forgive those who feel sorrow

resurrection - rising from dead / returing to life

34
Q

Book of Deeds

Life after Death

A
  • dictates how someone will live in afterlifes
    • if given in right hand ->
  • if given left hand -> hell
35
Q

Heaven / Jannah

Life after Death

A
  • garden of happiness
  • reward for good faith + deeds
36
Q

Hell / Jahannam

Life after Death

A
  • great torment + fire
  • punishement for rejecting god + evil
37
Q

Heaven - Quote

Life after Death

A

‘on couches of well woven cloth … a reward for what they used to do’

Qur’an

38
Q

Hell - Quotes

A

‘they will dwell amid scorching wind and scalding water…’

‘garments of fire will be tailored for those who disbelieve’

Qur’an

39
Q

Heaven + Hell - Interpertations

Life after Death

A
  • exact description is qur’an
  • suggestions as their beyond human understanding
  • just symbolic of a person spiritual life after death
40
Q

Life after death - Importance

Life after Death

A
  • six articles of faith for sunni muslims
  • five roots of usul ad-din in shi’a
  • encourages responsibilty + accountability
  • encourages poeple to avoid sin
  • makes people have faith for justice in the end
  • somthing to look forward to
41
Q

Risalah

Prophethood

A

the belief in the prophets and their importance

42
Q

Prophethood

Prophethood

A

someone made a prophet as a gift from God to allow humans to understand his message

e.g. Ibrahim, Musa, Isa and Muhammad

43
Q

Importance of Prophets

Prophethood

A
  • method of communication with God
  • Communicates how humans should live their lifes
  • prophets used to steer society back to the right way of life
44
Q

Prophets - Quote

Prophethood

A

‘every community is sent a messenger’

qur’an

45
Q

Who? Story? Importace?

Adam

Prophethood

A
  • first man on earth created by dust
  • first prophet of islam
  • father of human race
  • named objects angles did not know
  • God told angels to bow down to him (iblis (satan) didnt have was thrown out)
  • Adam and Hawwa were tempted by Iblis to eat the fruit -> kicked out of garden of bliss -> brought sin into the world -> caused day of judgment
  • god gave him understanding -> adam passed on knowledge
  • learnt to plant seeds + crops + food
  • learnt what foods Muslims can eat + how to repent for wrongdoing + how to bury the dead
46
Q

Adam - Quote

Prophethood

A

‘He taught Adam all the names’
‘He created the first man from clay’

Qur’an

47
Q

Ibrahim

Ibrahim

A
  • fufilled all of Gods tests
  • absolutely obident to god (role model)
  • Muhammad was a decendant
  • refused to worship idols
  • remembered trhough hajj and id-ul-Adha
  • rebuilt Ka’aba
  • helped spread the word of one god
48
Q

Ibrahim - Idols

Ibrahim

A
  1. was determined to stop idol worship
  2. When everyone left two he axed all the idols in the temple
  3. left one with an axe tied to it and claimed the biggest idol had destroyed the rest
  4. proving a point when the people said they could speak.
  5. they tried to burn him alive
  6. the fire only burned his chains and he walked out unharmed
  7. some people started to belive
49
Q

Ibrahim - Id-Ul-Adha + Hajj

Ibrahim

A
  • his willingness to sacarfice his son shows willingness to God
  • remembered through Id-Ul-Adha as muslims slaughter an animal annually
  • during hajj stones are thrown at pillars to represent the devil like Ibrahim threw stones when the devil tempted his faith
  • muslims run between the two hills in honour of Ibrahims wife Hagar
50
Q

Ibrahim - Quote

Ibrahim

A

‘…follow the relgion of Abraham, who was true in faith’

Qur’an

51
Q

Muhammad - revelation

Muhammad and the Imamate

A
  • religious from a young age
  • angel jibril gave him a message from god.
  • recived teaching for 20 years
  • became the Qu’ran
52
Q

Muhammad preaching + life

Muhammad and the Imamate

A
  • three years after revelations he began preaching
  • challenged people of Mecca to give up cheating, alchohol, gambling, idol worship
  • fled Mecca to Medinah (hijrah)
    -> begining of Ummah (worldwide islamic family) and the start of islamic calender
  • united tribes of muslim converts
  • concered Mecca in holy war -> destroyed ka’aba idols -> intrudyced islamic law
  • died in medinah
53
Q

Muhammad - Quote

Muhammad and the Imamate

A

‘he is God’s Messenger and the seal of the prophets’

Qur’an

54
Q

Night Journey

Muhammad and the Imamate

A
  • before Hijrah
  • angel Jibril took Muhammad on a miraculous journey to jerusalem
  • Muhammad carried of horse like creature
  • asscended to heaven -> saw signs of god -> talked to Isa (jesus) -> was told poeple should pray 5 times a day
55
Q

Twelver Branch

Muhammad and the Imamate

A
  • belive in twelve total imams
  • imams interpret the qur’an and shariah law
  • gods messages was completed through muhammad
  • imamate is important as poeple need divine guidence of how to live
56
Q

Qur’an - Importance

The Holy Books in Islam

A
  • foundations to every belivers faith
  • revealed by jibril -> muhammad
  • gods words speaking directly to readers
  • muhammad recited by heart and his followers wrote them down -> Abu Bakr commised offical copy
57
Q

Contents of Qur’an

The Holy Books in Islam

A
  • 144 surahs
  • historical events + advice
  • hafiz is someone able to recite whole qur’an by heart
58
Q

The Torah (Tawrat)

The Holy Books in Islam

A
  • revealed to Moses (Musa)
  • mentioned in qur’an (18 times)
  • considered first five books in bible (roughly)
59
Q

The Psalms (Zabur)

The Holy Books in Islam

A
  • revealed to David
  • mentioned in Qur’an (three times)
60
Q

The Gospel (injil) + Quote

The Holy Books in Islam

A
  • reavled to Jesus (Isa)
  • mentioned in Qur’an

‘We gave him (jesus) the gospel with guidance…’

Qur’an

61
Q

Qur’an - Quote

The Holy Books in Islam

A

‘This is the scripture…containing guidance for those who are mindful of God’

‘This is truly a glorious Qur’an…’

Qur’an

Religious Studies- GCSE (11 decks)

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