Regulation Respiration

Question 1

respiratory centers

Answer 1

Pons superior to medulla trainsition to brainstem to spinal cord
Neurons and cells

Question 2

Pneumotaxic center

Answer 2

Rate and depth
on and off switch for ramp
start inspiring sooner-inc. rate, shorter, less deep
But technical shutting ramp off sooner
Ramp longer= longer breaths

Question 3

Dorsal Respiratory group

Answer 3

Posterior side of CNS
Start
Inspiration drive
Cells in nucleus tractus solitarius (brainstem)
Vagus and Glossophargenal
Basic rythm for breathing. autorhytmic

Question 4

Ventral Respiratory group

Answer 4

Quiet during normal breath

Question 5

Peripheral chemo receptors

Answer 5

send messages to Vagus and Glosso

Blood, pressure changes, lung tissue

Question 6

Inspiratory Ramp

Answer 6

rises in intensity of time, pause and relaxes
Control diaphragm to contract slowly and strongly
Relax for exhale

Question 7

Spill over

Answer 7

Exercise, stress, metabolic demand, spill over from DRG to VRG (some expire and inspire)

Question 8

MSK Cells

Answer 8

Active Cells at exercise
Abdominal force expiration
Thoracic force inspiration

Question 9

Medulla chemoreceptors

Answer 9

Acid in CO2 (habit acclimation) direct effects on brain centers

Very little changes in inc CO2 will affect ventilation

H does the trigger results of bicarb rxn
responsive primarily to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion levels
direct effect on elevated carbon dioxide or hydrogen ions
carbon dioxide doubles them up, it’s detected in medulla
and that triggers increased respiratory effort to blow off carbon dioxide

Question 10

Peripheral receptors

Answer 10

O2 affect these, no direct effect on brain centers
are faster than central and react more quickly d/t exercises

sensitive to low O2 or high CO2 or hydrogen ions.

signals that are carried on the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

Question 11

bifurcation of the carotid arteries have receptors nerves that carry that input to the glossopharyngeal nerves and the DRG of medulla.

responsive to oxygen levels. Low O2 to stimulate respiration

Answer 11

Hering’s nerve

Question 12

Pain

Answer 12

and emotional stimuli from the limbic system
hypothalamus have both positive and negative inputs.
stretch and irritant (cough)receptors
anticipation w/ exercies, fear, etc.

Question 13

Hering-Breuer

Answer 13

inflation reflex if lung expands too much

Question 14

Exercise

Answer 14

difficult to measure gas
stable. Not inc in CO2 that drive respiation during 
Drive is from MSK to DRG/VRG
Stretch reflex to centers
MSK to CNS

Question 15

Factors

Answer 15

Diaphragm MSK response
Sneezing via irritants
Brain edema depress DRG/VRGs- diving reflex (childbirth)
Anesthetic effects depress

Question 16

Cheyne Stokes

Answer 16

Burst breath
Abnormal pattern
Sick Pts
(We all do it sleepy)