READING COMPREHENSION - Sheet11 Flashcards
1,Agricultural collectivities such as group-based farming can provide the rural poor 1) Empowerment 2) Increased agricultural productivity 3) Safeguard against exploitative markets 4) Surplus production of agricultural commodities. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1, 2, 3 and 4,B) 1, 2 and 3 only,C) 2 and 4 only,D) 1, 3 and 4 only
1,B
2,What does the author imply by “gender impact”?,A) Women are doubtful participants in cooperatives.,B) Family cooperatives may not include women,C) Women benefitting from group farming.,D) Women’s role in transition economies is highly restrictive.
2,C
3,Consider the following assumptions: 1) It is imperative for transition economies to have agricultural collectivities. 2) Agricultural productivity can be increased by group approach to farming. With reference to the above passage, which of these assumptions is/are valid?,A) 1 only,B) 2 only,C) Both 1 and 2,D) Neither 1 nor 2
3,B
4,According to the passage, what does “deepening of democracy” mean in the Western context?,A) Consolidation of group and class identities.,B) Democratization translated as greater involvement of people.,C) Democratization as greater involvement of ‘atomized’ individuals in the public sphere.,D) None of the statements a, b and c given above is correct in this context.
4,C
5,Greater democratization in India has not necessarily led to,A) The dilution of caste and communal identities in the public sphere.,B) Irrelevance of community identity as governing force in Indian politics.,C) Marginalization of elite groups in society.,D) Relative unimportance of hereditary identities over class identities.
5,B
6,What is the “silent revolution” that has occurred in the Indian democratic process?,A) Irrelevance of caste and class hierarchies in political processes,B) Loosening of social strictures in voting behavior and patterns.,C) Social change through transfer of power from upper caste elites to subaltern groups.,D) All the statements a, b and c given above are correct in this context.
6,C
7,What do you understand by the ‘instrumentalist’ view of education?,A) Education is functional and utilitarian in its purposes.,B) Education is meant to fulfill human needs,C) The purpose of education is to train the human intellect,D) Education is meant to achieve moral development
7,A
8,According to the passage, education must be respected in itself because,A) It helps to acquire qualifications for employment.,B) It helps in upward mobility and acquiring social status.,C) It is an inner process of moral and intellectual development,D) All the a, b and c given above are correct in this context.
8,C
9,Education is a process in which,A) Students are converted into trained professionals.,B) Opportunities for higher income are generated,C) Individuals develop self-critical awareness and independence of thought,D) Qualifications for upward mobility are acquired
9,C
10,”The evolution of pesticide resistance is natural selection in action.” What does it actually imply?,A) It is very natural for many organisms to have pesticide resistance.,B) Pesticide resistance among organisms is a universal phenomenon.,C) Some individuals in any given population show resistance after the application of pesticides,D) None of the statements a, b and c given above is correct.
10,C
11,With reference to the passage, consider the following statements: 1) Use of chemical pesticides has become imperative in all the poor countries of the world. 2) Chemical pesticides should not have any role in sustainable agriculture 3) One pest can develop resistance to many pesticides Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,A) 1 and 2 only,B) 3 only,C) 1 and 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
11,B
12,Though the problems associated with the use of chemical pesticides is known for a long time, their widespread use has not waned. Why?,A) Alternatives to chemical pesticides do not exist at all.,B) New pesticides are not invented at all.,C) Pesticides are biodegradable.,D) None of the statements a, b and c given above is correct.
12,D
13,How do pesticides act as agents for the selection of resistant individuals in any pest population? 1) It is possible that in a pest population the individuals will behave differently due to their genetic makeup. 2) Pests do possess the ability to detoxify the pesticides. 3) Evolution of pesticide resistance is equally distributed in pest population. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,A) 1 only,B) 1 and 2 only,C) 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
13,B
14,Why is the use of chemical pesticides generally justified by giving the examples of poor and developing countries? 1) Developed countries can afford to do away with use of pesticides by adapting to organic farming, but it is imperative for poor and developing countries to use chemical pesticides. 2) In poor and developing countries, the pesticide addresses the problem of epidemic diseases of crops and eases the food problem. 3) The social and health costs of pesticide use are generally ignored in poor and developing countries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,A) 1 only,B) 1 and 2 only,C) 2 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
14,C
15,What does the passage imply?,A) Alternative options to chemical pesticides should be promoted.,B) Too much use of chemicals is not good for the ecosystem.,C) There is no scope for the improvement of pesticides and making their use sustainable,D) Both the statements (a) and (b) above are correct.
15,D
16,Which of the following conditions of growth can add to vulnerability? 1) When the growth occurs due to excessive exploitation of mineral resources and forests 2) When the growth brings about a change in humankind’s creative potential. 3) When the growth is envisaged only for providing houses and social security to the people. 4) When the growth occurs due to emphasis on farming only. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2, 3 and 4 only,C) 1 and 4 only,D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
16,A
17,What does low-carbon growth imply in the present context? 1) More emphasis on the use of renewable sources of energy. 2) Less emphasis on manufacturing sector and more emphasis on agricultural sector. 3) Switching over from monoculture practices to mixed farming 4) Less demand for goods and services. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2, 3 and 4 only,C) 1 and 4 only,D) None of the above implies low-carbon growth
17,A
18,Which of the following conditions is/are necessary for the sustainable economic growth? 1) Spreading of economic prosperity more. 2) Popularizing/spreading of adaptive technologies widely 3) Investing on research in adaptation and mitigation technologies. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2 and 3 only,C) 1 and 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
18,B
19,Which of the following inferences can be made from the passage? 1) Rainfed crops should not be cultivated in irrigated areas 2) Farming under water-deficient areas should not be a part of development strategy. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2 only,C) Both 1 and 2,D) Neither 1 nor 2
19,D
20,Consider the following assumptions: 1) Sustainable economic growth demands the use of creative potential of man. 2) Intensive agriculture can lead to ecological backlash. 3) Spread of the economic prosperity can adversely affect the ecology and environment With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are valid?,A) 1 only,B) 2 and 3 only,C) 1 and 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
20,D
21,Which one of the following statements constitutes the central theme of this passage?,A) Countries with greater economic prosperity are better equipped to deal with the consequences of climate change.,B) Adaptation and mitigation should be integrated with development strategies.,C) Rapid economic growth should not be pursued by both developed and developing economies.,D) Some countries resort to over exploitation of natural resources for the sake of rapid development.
21,B
22,With reference to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?,A) Introduction of exotic species into new geographical areas always leads to reduced biodiversity.,B) Exotic species introduced by man into new areas have always greatly altered the native ecosystems.,C) Man is the only reason to convert a hugely diverse range of local community compositions into more homogenous ones.,D) None of the statements (a), (b), and (c) is correct in this context.
22,D
23,Why does man introduce exotic species into new geographical areas? 1) To bread exotic species with local varieties. 2) To increase agricultural productivity. 3) For beautification and landscaping Which of the above statements is/are correct?,A) 1 only,B) 2 and 3 only,C) 1 and 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
23,D
24,How is homogenization prevented under natural conditions?,A) Evolution of groups of species specific to local habitats.,B) Presence of oceans and mountain ranges,C) Strong adaptation of groups of specific to local physical and climatic conditions,D) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above are correct in this context.
24,D
25,How have the human beings influenced the biodiversity? 1) By smuggling live organism 2) By building highways 3) By making ecosystems sensitive so that new species are not allowed 4) By ensuring that new species do not have major impact on local species. Which of the statements given above are correct?,A) 1 and 2,B) 2 and 3,C) 1 and 3,D) 2 and 4
25,A
26,What can be the impact of invasion of exotic species on an ecosystem? 1) Erosion of endemic species. 2) Change in the species composition of the community of the ecosystem Select the correct Solution: using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2 only,C) Both 1 and 2,D) Neither 1 nor 2
26,C
27,According to the passage, why is a serious tension perceived between democracy and development by the detractors of democracy?,A) Democracy and development are distinct and separate goals,B) Economic growth can be promoted successfully without pursuing a democratic system of governance.,C) Non-democratic regimes deliver economic growth faster and far more successfully than democratic ones.,D) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above are correct in this context.
27,B
28,According to the passage, what should be the ultimate assessment/aim/view of development?,A) Rise in the per capita income and industrial growth rates.,B) Improvement in the Human Development Index and GNP.,C) Rise in the savings and consumption trends.,D) Extent of real freedom that citizens enjoy.
28,D
29,What does a “constitutive” connection between democracy and development imply?,A) The relation between them has to be seen through external links.,B) Political and civil rights only can lead to economic development.,C) Political liberties and democratic rights are essential elements of development.,D) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct in this context.
29,C
30,With reference to the passage, consider the following statements: 1) It is desirable that the impact of Foreign Direct investment should be pro-competitive. 2) The entry of foreign investors invariably leads to the inflated prices in domestic markets. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,A) 1 only,B) 2 only,C) Both 1 and 2,D) Neither 1 nor 2
30,A
31,According to the passage, how does a foreign investor dominate the relevant domestic market? 1) Multinational companies get accustomed to domestic laws. 2) Foreign companies establish joint ventures with domestic companies. 3) Affiliates in a particular market/sector lose their independence as their parent companies overseas merge. 4) Foreign companies lower the cost of their products as compared to that of products of domestic companies. Which of the statements given above are correct?,A) 1 and 2 only,B) 2 and 3 only,C) 1, 2 and 3 only,D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
31,B