READING COMPREHENSION - Sheet11 Flashcards
1,Agricultural collectivities such as group-based farming can provide the rural poor 1) Empowerment 2) Increased agricultural productivity 3) Safeguard against exploitative markets 4) Surplus production of agricultural commodities. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1, 2, 3 and 4,B) 1, 2 and 3 only,C) 2 and 4 only,D) 1, 3 and 4 only
1,B
2,What does the author imply by “gender impact”?,A) Women are doubtful participants in cooperatives.,B) Family cooperatives may not include women,C) Women benefitting from group farming.,D) Women’s role in transition economies is highly restrictive.
2,C
3,Consider the following assumptions: 1) It is imperative for transition economies to have agricultural collectivities. 2) Agricultural productivity can be increased by group approach to farming. With reference to the above passage, which of these assumptions is/are valid?,A) 1 only,B) 2 only,C) Both 1 and 2,D) Neither 1 nor 2
3,B
4,According to the passage, what does “deepening of democracy” mean in the Western context?,A) Consolidation of group and class identities.,B) Democratization translated as greater involvement of people.,C) Democratization as greater involvement of ‘atomized’ individuals in the public sphere.,D) None of the statements a, b and c given above is correct in this context.
4,C
5,Greater democratization in India has not necessarily led to,A) The dilution of caste and communal identities in the public sphere.,B) Irrelevance of community identity as governing force in Indian politics.,C) Marginalization of elite groups in society.,D) Relative unimportance of hereditary identities over class identities.
5,B
6,What is the “silent revolution” that has occurred in the Indian democratic process?,A) Irrelevance of caste and class hierarchies in political processes,B) Loosening of social strictures in voting behavior and patterns.,C) Social change through transfer of power from upper caste elites to subaltern groups.,D) All the statements a, b and c given above are correct in this context.
6,C
7,What do you understand by the ‘instrumentalist’ view of education?,A) Education is functional and utilitarian in its purposes.,B) Education is meant to fulfill human needs,C) The purpose of education is to train the human intellect,D) Education is meant to achieve moral development
7,A
8,According to the passage, education must be respected in itself because,A) It helps to acquire qualifications for employment.,B) It helps in upward mobility and acquiring social status.,C) It is an inner process of moral and intellectual development,D) All the a, b and c given above are correct in this context.
8,C
9,Education is a process in which,A) Students are converted into trained professionals.,B) Opportunities for higher income are generated,C) Individuals develop self-critical awareness and independence of thought,D) Qualifications for upward mobility are acquired
9,C
10,”The evolution of pesticide resistance is natural selection in action.” What does it actually imply?,A) It is very natural for many organisms to have pesticide resistance.,B) Pesticide resistance among organisms is a universal phenomenon.,C) Some individuals in any given population show resistance after the application of pesticides,D) None of the statements a, b and c given above is correct.
10,C
11,With reference to the passage, consider the following statements: 1) Use of chemical pesticides has become imperative in all the poor countries of the world. 2) Chemical pesticides should not have any role in sustainable agriculture 3) One pest can develop resistance to many pesticides Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,A) 1 and 2 only,B) 3 only,C) 1 and 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
11,B
12,Though the problems associated with the use of chemical pesticides is known for a long time, their widespread use has not waned. Why?,A) Alternatives to chemical pesticides do not exist at all.,B) New pesticides are not invented at all.,C) Pesticides are biodegradable.,D) None of the statements a, b and c given above is correct.
12,D
13,How do pesticides act as agents for the selection of resistant individuals in any pest population? 1) It is possible that in a pest population the individuals will behave differently due to their genetic makeup. 2) Pests do possess the ability to detoxify the pesticides. 3) Evolution of pesticide resistance is equally distributed in pest population. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,A) 1 only,B) 1 and 2 only,C) 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
13,B
14,Why is the use of chemical pesticides generally justified by giving the examples of poor and developing countries? 1) Developed countries can afford to do away with use of pesticides by adapting to organic farming, but it is imperative for poor and developing countries to use chemical pesticides. 2) In poor and developing countries, the pesticide addresses the problem of epidemic diseases of crops and eases the food problem. 3) The social and health costs of pesticide use are generally ignored in poor and developing countries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,A) 1 only,B) 1 and 2 only,C) 2 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
14,C
15,What does the passage imply?,A) Alternative options to chemical pesticides should be promoted.,B) Too much use of chemicals is not good for the ecosystem.,C) There is no scope for the improvement of pesticides and making their use sustainable,D) Both the statements (a) and (b) above are correct.
15,D
16,Which of the following conditions of growth can add to vulnerability? 1) When the growth occurs due to excessive exploitation of mineral resources and forests 2) When the growth brings about a change in humankind’s creative potential. 3) When the growth is envisaged only for providing houses and social security to the people. 4) When the growth occurs due to emphasis on farming only. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2, 3 and 4 only,C) 1 and 4 only,D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
16,A
17,What does low-carbon growth imply in the present context? 1) More emphasis on the use of renewable sources of energy. 2) Less emphasis on manufacturing sector and more emphasis on agricultural sector. 3) Switching over from monoculture practices to mixed farming 4) Less demand for goods and services. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2, 3 and 4 only,C) 1 and 4 only,D) None of the above implies low-carbon growth
17,A
18,Which of the following conditions is/are necessary for the sustainable economic growth? 1) Spreading of economic prosperity more. 2) Popularizing/spreading of adaptive technologies widely 3) Investing on research in adaptation and mitigation technologies. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2 and 3 only,C) 1 and 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
18,B
19,Which of the following inferences can be made from the passage? 1) Rainfed crops should not be cultivated in irrigated areas 2) Farming under water-deficient areas should not be a part of development strategy. Select the correct Solution using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2 only,C) Both 1 and 2,D) Neither 1 nor 2
19,D
20,Consider the following assumptions: 1) Sustainable economic growth demands the use of creative potential of man. 2) Intensive agriculture can lead to ecological backlash. 3) Spread of the economic prosperity can adversely affect the ecology and environment With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are valid?,A) 1 only,B) 2 and 3 only,C) 1 and 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
20,D
21,Which one of the following statements constitutes the central theme of this passage?,A) Countries with greater economic prosperity are better equipped to deal with the consequences of climate change.,B) Adaptation and mitigation should be integrated with development strategies.,C) Rapid economic growth should not be pursued by both developed and developing economies.,D) Some countries resort to over exploitation of natural resources for the sake of rapid development.
21,B
22,With reference to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?,A) Introduction of exotic species into new geographical areas always leads to reduced biodiversity.,B) Exotic species introduced by man into new areas have always greatly altered the native ecosystems.,C) Man is the only reason to convert a hugely diverse range of local community compositions into more homogenous ones.,D) None of the statements (a), (b), and (c) is correct in this context.
22,D
23,Why does man introduce exotic species into new geographical areas? 1) To bread exotic species with local varieties. 2) To increase agricultural productivity. 3) For beautification and landscaping Which of the above statements is/are correct?,A) 1 only,B) 2 and 3 only,C) 1 and 3 only,D) 1, 2 and 3
23,D
24,How is homogenization prevented under natural conditions?,A) Evolution of groups of species specific to local habitats.,B) Presence of oceans and mountain ranges,C) Strong adaptation of groups of specific to local physical and climatic conditions,D) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above are correct in this context.
24,D
25,How have the human beings influenced the biodiversity? 1) By smuggling live organism 2) By building highways 3) By making ecosystems sensitive so that new species are not allowed 4) By ensuring that new species do not have major impact on local species. Which of the statements given above are correct?,A) 1 and 2,B) 2 and 3,C) 1 and 3,D) 2 and 4
25,A
26,What can be the impact of invasion of exotic species on an ecosystem? 1) Erosion of endemic species. 2) Change in the species composition of the community of the ecosystem Select the correct Solution: using the codes given below:,A) 1 only,B) 2 only,C) Both 1 and 2,D) Neither 1 nor 2
26,C
27,According to the passage, why is a serious tension perceived between democracy and development by the detractors of democracy?,A) Democracy and development are distinct and separate goals,B) Economic growth can be promoted successfully without pursuing a democratic system of governance.,C) Non-democratic regimes deliver economic growth faster and far more successfully than democratic ones.,D) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above are correct in this context.
27,B
28,According to the passage, what should be the ultimate assessment/aim/view of development?,A) Rise in the per capita income and industrial growth rates.,B) Improvement in the Human Development Index and GNP.,C) Rise in the savings and consumption trends.,D) Extent of real freedom that citizens enjoy.
28,D
29,What does a “constitutive” connection between democracy and development imply?,A) The relation between them has to be seen through external links.,B) Political and civil rights only can lead to economic development.,C) Political liberties and democratic rights are essential elements of development.,D) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct in this context.
29,C
30,With reference to the passage, consider the following statements: 1) It is desirable that the impact of Foreign Direct investment should be pro-competitive. 2) The entry of foreign investors invariably leads to the inflated prices in domestic markets. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,A) 1 only,B) 2 only,C) Both 1 and 2,D) Neither 1 nor 2
30,A
31,According to the passage, how does a foreign investor dominate the relevant domestic market? 1) Multinational companies get accustomed to domestic laws. 2) Foreign companies establish joint ventures with domestic companies. 3) Affiliates in a particular market/sector lose their independence as their parent companies overseas merge. 4) Foreign companies lower the cost of their products as compared to that of products of domestic companies. Which of the statements given above are correct?,A) 1 and 2 only,B) 2 and 3 only,C) 1, 2 and 3 only,D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
31,B
32,What is the inference from this passage?,A) Foreign investors and multinational companies always dominate domestic market.,B) It is not in the best interest of domestic economy to allow mergers company.,C) With competition law, it is easy to ensure a level playing field between domestic and foreign firms.,D) For countries with open economy Foreign Direct investment is essential for growth.
32,C
33,Which of the following explains best the sentence in the passage “I was almost a part of it”?,A) I was not alone in the cell,B) I was familiar with every bit of the cell,C) I greeted little tufts of grass like old friends.,D) I felt quite at home in the cell
33,B
34,The passage attempts to describe:,A) The general conditions of the country’s jail,B) The prisoner’s capacity to notice the minute details of his surroundings,C) The prisoner’s conscious efforts to overcome the loneliness,D) The prisoner’s ability to live happily with other creatures
34,C
35,The author of the passage seems to suggest that,A) It is possible to adjust one-self to uncongenial surroundings.,B) The conditions in Indian prisons are not bad,C) It is not difficult to spend one’s time in prison,D) There is a need to improve the conditions in our jails.
35,A
36,What does the expression “pitching the highest camp” imply?,A) They reached the summit of the highest mountain in the world.,B) Those who climbed that far earlier did not pitch any camp.,C) So far nobody climbed that high.,D) They were too many climbers and needed to pitch a big camp
36,C
37,They took a long time to finish the work because:,A) They were very tired.,B) There was not enough air to breathe,C) It was very cold,D) It was very dark
37,B
38,When they crawled into the tent,A) They took off their gloves because it was not very cold,B) They could not take off their gloves because it was very cold.,C) They took of their gloves though it was very cold.,D) They did not take off their gloves though it was not very cold.
38,A
39,The man went to another room because,A) He did not know where the stairway was,B) The passage was full of smoke,C) He was extremely nervous,D) He stumbled on bundle
39,B
40,The man was called hero because,A) Expressed his willingness to risk his life to save others,B) Managed to escape from fire,C) Showed great courage in fighting the fire.,D) Saved a life
40,D
1,According to passage:,1) The objective of inclusive growth was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation.,2) Need of the hour is to have an enabling Government.,3) The Government should engage in maximum interference in market processes.,4) There is a need to change the size of the Government.,(a) 1 and 2 only,(b) 2 and 3 only,(c) 1and 4 only,(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
1,A
2,According to the passage, the strategy of inclusive growth can be effected by focussing on,A) meeting all the needs of every citizen in the country.,B) Increasing the regulations over the manufacturing sector.,C) Controlling the distribution of manufacturing goods.,D) Delivery of the basic services to the deprived sections of the society.,(a) A,(b) B,(c) C,(d) D
2,D
3,What constitutes an enabling Government?,1. A large bureaucracy.,2. Implementation of welfare programmes through representatives.,3. Creating an ethos that helps individual enterprise.,4. Providing resources to those who are underprivileged.,5. Offering direct help to the poor regarding basic services.,Select the correct answer from the codes given below:,(a) 1, 2 and 3 only,(b) 4 and 5 only,(c) 3, 4 and 5 only,(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
3,C
4,Why is the State unable to deliver “all that is needed”?,1) It does not have sufficient bureaucracy.,2) It does not promote inclusive growth.,Select the correct answer from the codes given below :,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 only,(c) Both 1 and 2,(d) Neither 1 nor 2
4,B
5,What is essential message being conveyed by the author of the passage?,(a) The objectives of inclusive growth laid down by the founding fathers of the nation should be remembered.,(b) The Government needs to make available more schools and health services.,(c) The Government needs to establish markets and industries to meet the needs of the poor strata of the society.,(d) There is a need to rethink the role of the State in achieving inclusive growth.
5,D
6,What does the author imply by “creative society”?,1) A society where diverse art forms and literary writings seek incentive.,2) A society where social inequalities are accepted as the norm.,3) A society where a large number of contradictions are recognised.,4) A society where’ the exploited and the oppressed groups grow conscious of their human rights and upliftment.,Select the correct answer using the codes given below :,(a) 1, 2 and 3,(b) 4 only,(c) 3 and 4,(d) 2 and 4
6,C
7,What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movements?,1) Aggressiveness and being incendiary.,2) Instigation by external forces.,3) Quest for social equality and individual freedom.,4) Urge for granting privileges and self- respect to disparaged sections of the society.,Select the correct answer using the codes given below:,(a) 1 and 3 only,(b) 2 and 4 only,(c) 3 and 4 only,(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
7,C
8,With reference to the passage consider the following statements:,1) To be a creative society, it is essential to have a variety of social movements.,2) To be a creative society, it is imperative to have potential contradictions and conflicts.,Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 only,(c) Both 1 and 2,(d) Neither 1 nor 2
8,C
9,With reference to the passage, consider the following statements. Expanding human’ population has an adverse effect on:,1) Spiritual fulfilment,2) Aesthetic enjoyment,3) Potable fresh water,4) Production of food and fibre,5) Biodiversity,Which of the statements given above are correct?,(a) 1, 2 and 3 only,(b) 2, 4 and 5 only,(c) 3 and 5 only,(d) 1,2, 3, 4 and 5
9,C
10,The passage mentions that “some people have actually been harmed by these changes.” What does it imply?,1) The rapid expansion of population has adversely affected some people.,2) Sufficient efforts have not been made to increase the production of food and fibre.,3) In the short term some people may be harmed, but in the long term everyone will benefit from modifications In the Earth’s ecosystems.,Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,(a) 1 only,(b) 2,(c) 1and 3,(d) None of the statements given above
10,A
11,With reference to the passage, consider the following statements: 1) It is imperative to modify the Earth’s ecosystems for the well being of mankind. 2) Technology can never replace all the goods and services provided by ecosystems. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 only,(c) Both 1and 2,(d) Neither 1 nor 2
11,C
12,Which of the following statements best describe/describes the thought of the writer? 1) A moral act calls for using our discretion. 2) Man should react to a situation immediately. 3) Man must do his duty. 4) Man should be able to defy convention in order to be moral. Select the correct answer from the codes given below :,(a) 1 only,(b) 1 and 3,(c) 2 and 3,(d) 1and 4
12,D
13,Which of the following statements is the nearest definition of moral action, according to the writer? ,(a) it is a mechanical action based on official orders from superiors.,(b) It is an action based on our sence of discretion.,(c) It is a clever action based on the clarity of purpose.,(d) It is a religious action based on understanding.
13,B
14,The passage contains a statement “lets himself be swept along like a log of wood by a current.” Among the following statements, which is/are nearest in meaning to this? 1) A person does not use his own reason. 2) He is susceptible to influence/ pressure. 3) He cannot withstand difficulties/ challenges. 4) He is like a log of wood. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:,(a) 1 only,(b) 1and 2,(c) 2 and 3,(d) 1 and 4
14,B
15,The passage mentions that “this world is evidently not meant for them”. It refers to people who 1) seek freedom from foreign domination. 2) live in starvation and misery. 3) become revolutionaries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,(a) 1 and 2,(b) 2 only,(c) 2 and 3,(d) 3 only
15,B
16,Consider the following assumptions: 1) A country under foreign domination cannot indulge in spiritual pursuit. 2) Poverty is an impediment in the spiritual pursuit. 3) Subject peoples may become otherwordly. With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?,(a) 1and 2,(b) 2 only,(c) 2 and3,(d) 3 only
16,A
17,The passage thematically centres on (a) the state of mind of oppressed people (b) starvation and misery (c) the growth of civilization (d) body, mind and spirit of people in general
17,A
18,According to the passage, the torture of the mind and spirit is caused (a) by the impact of foreign domination. (b) by the desire to escape from foreign domination and find consolation in visions of past greatness. (c) due to lack of equilibrium between an external life and an internal life. (d) due to one’s inability to be either revolutionary or other-worldly.
18,C
19,Which region/regions of the curve correspond/corresponds to incubation phase of the infection ?,(a) A only,(b) B only,(c) B and C,(d) No part of the curve indicates the incubation phase
19,A
20,Which region of the curve indicates that the person began showing the symptoms of infection ?,(a) A,(b) B,(c) C,(d) D
20,B
21,Which region of the curve indicates that the treatment yielded effective relief?,(a) C,(b) D,(c) E,(d) The curve does not indicate the treatment
21,C
22,What is the crux of the passage ?,(a) Sea star has a preferred prey.,(b) A preferred prey determines the survival of a keystone species.,(c) Keystone species ensures species diversity.,(d) Sea star is the only keystone species on the Pacific coast of North America.
22,C
23,With reference to the passage, consider the following statements : 1) Mussels-are generally the dominant species in intertidal ecosystems. 2) The survival of sea stars is generally determined by the abundance of mussels. Which of the statements given above is /are correct?,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 only,(c) Both 1 and 2,(d) Neither 1 nor 2
23,D
24,Which of the following is/are implied by the passage ? 1) Mussels are always hard competitors for sea stars. 2) Sea stars of the Pacific coast have reached the climax of their evolution. 3) Sea stars constitute an important component in the energy flow in intertidal ecosystem. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,(a) 1 and 2,(b) 2 only,(c) 1 and 3,(d) 3 only
24,D
25,Consider the following assumptions: 1) The food chains/food web in an ecosystem are influenced by keystone species. 2) The presence of keystone species is a specific characteristic of aquatic ecosystems. 3) If the keystone species is completely removed from an ecosystem, it will lead to the collapse of the ecosystem. With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are valid?,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 and 3 only,(c) 1 and 3 only,(d) 1, 2 and 3
25,C
26,With reference to the passage, consider the following statements: 1) When children are denied education, adult society does not act on behalf of them. 2) Right to Education as a law cannot be enforced in the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 only,(c) Both 1 and 2,(d) Neither 1 nor 2
26,D
27,According to the passage, what could be the traditional obstacles to the education of girls? 1) Inability of parents to fight a legal battle when the Right to Education is denied to their children. 2) The traditional way of thinking about girl’s role in society. 3) The prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls. 4) Improper system of education. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:,(a) 1 and 2 only,(b) 2, 3 and 4 only,(c) 1, 3 and 4 only,(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
27,B
28,On the basis of the passage, consider the following statements: 1) Right to Education is a legal right and not a fundamental right. 2) For realising the goal of universal education, the education system in the country must be made identical to that of developed countries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 only,(c) Both 1 and 2,(d) Neither 1 nor 2
28,D
29,”Which one of the following statements conveys the key message of the passage?”,(a) India has declared that education is compulsory for its children.,(b) Adult society is not keen on implementing the Right to Education.,(c) The Right to Education, particularly of a girl child, needs to be safeguarded.,(d) The system of education should be address the issue of right to education.
29,C
30,”Which one of the following statements conveys the inference of the passage?”,(a) The society has a tenacious prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls.,(b) Adults cannot be relied upon to fight on behalf of children for their Right to Education.,(c) The legal fight to get education for children is often protracted and prohibitive.,(d) There is no sufficient substitute for education received in childhood.
30,D
31,”When the night fell, he slept”,(a) in the open field,(b) under a pile of dry grass,(c) in a farmer’s cottage,(d) under a tree
31,B
32,”He soon fell asleep because”,(a) he was exhausted,(b) he was all alone,(c) he had not slept for days,(d) he was very frightened
32,A
33,”With reference to the passage, consider the following statements : 1) He was walking through the countryside, 2) The cottagers and farmers gave him enough food so that he could sleep at night without feeling hungry. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?”,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 only,(c) Both 1 and 2,(d) Neither 1 nor 2
33,A
34,”When he was going to close the bag, the idea that occurred to him was”,(a) unpleasant,(b) sad,(c) fantastic,(d) amusing
34,A
35,”What makes his life miserable whenever he undertakes travelling?”,(a) Going to railway station,(b) Forgetting the toothbrush,(c) Packing his bag,(d) Bad dreams
35,B
36,”His toothbrush is finally”,(a) in his bag,(b) in his bed,(c) in his handkerchief,(d) lost
36,C
37,”Female polar bears give birth during”,(a) spring,(b) summer,(c) autumn,(d) winter
37,D
38,”Mother bear”,(a) takes sides over cubs,(b) lets the cubs fend for themselves,(c) feeds only their favourites,(d) see that all cubs get an equal share
38,B
39,”With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1) Polar bears fast as long as eight months due to non-availability of prey. 2) Polar bears always give birth to triplets. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?”,(a) 1 only,(b) 2 only,(c) Both 1 and 2,(d) Neither 1 nor 2
39,B
