Reaction Conditions Flashcards
Alkane to Halogenoalkane
X₂
UV light
Halogenoalkane to Alkene
NaOH or KOH
Ethanol
Reflux
Halogenoalkane to Alcohol
Aqueous
NaOH or KOH
Reflux
Halogenoalkane to Nitrile
KCN
Ethanol
Reflux
Halogenoalkane to Primary Amine
Excess NH₃
Heat
Alkene to Halogenoalkane
HX
25°C
Nitrile to Primary Amine
LiAlH₄
Dry ether then dilute acid
H₂
Ni or Pt catalyst
High Temperature
High Pressure
Secondary/Tertiary amine and their salts or Quaternary ammonium salts
NH₃
Heat
Excess Halogenoalkane
Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane
X₂
25°C
Alkene to Alcohol
H₃PO₄ Catalyst
Steam
300°C
60 atm
H₂O
H₂SO₄ catalyst
Alcohol to Alkene
Aqueous
Conc H₂SO₄ (acts as catalyst)
Alcohol to Aldehyde/Ketone
Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇
Distillation
Aldehyde/Ketone to Alcohol
Aqueous NaBH₄
Methanol
Alcohol/Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid
Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇
Reflux
Aldehyde/Ketone to Hydroxynitrile
Acidified KCN or HCN
25°C
Carboxylic Acid to Ester
Alcohol
Conc H₂SO₄ catalyst
Reflux
Ester to Carboxylic Acid
Dilute acid catalyst
H₂O
Reflux
Dilute alkali
Reflux
Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid
H₂O
25°C
Acyl Chloride to Ester
Alcohol
25°C
Acyl Chloride to Primary Amide
NH₃
25°C
Acyl Chloride to N-Substituted Amide
Amine
25°C
Benzene to Nitrobenzene
Conc H₂SO₄ and conc HNO₃
Below 55°C
Nitrobenzene to phenylamine
Sn
Conc HCL and reflux
NaOH
Phenylamine to N-phenylethanamide
CH₃COCl
25°C