random u-wise 2 Flashcards
what is the clomiphene challenge test? when is it used?
5-9 days of clomiphene citrate + checking FSH on day 3 / day 10
eval ovarian reserve
what is the E / FSH levels in exercise-induced hypothalamic amenorrhea?
low FSH, low E
what is TRH’s effect on prolactin?
TRH stimulates prolactin, so super hypothyroid –> elevated prolactin
how might post-menopausal women continue to have estrogen?
peripheral fat cell’s aromatization of circulating androgens
what happens to lipid profile in postmenopausal females with hormone replacement?
dec. LDL, incr. HDL
why do women stop taking hormone therapy?
vaginal bleeding / spotting, most common in first 6 mo
In order to remain in zero calcium balance, postmenopausal women require a total of how much calcium per day?
1200 mg of elemental Ca2+
when should bone mineral density scans (BMD) be done & how often should they be repeated?
when beginning SERMs / every 2 yrs thereafter
women > 65 yo
When does premature ovarian failure occur?
< 35 yo
How do leiomyosarcomas appear on histology?
> 10 mitotic figures / HPF
How do fibroids appear on histology?
well-circumscribed, non-encapsulated myometrium
when might you do endometrial biopsy with irregular bleeding?
> 40 - r/o endometrial carcinoma
what are management options for adenomyosis?
endometrial ablation, insertion of levonorgestrel-containing IUD, progesterone IUD, hysterectomy
GnRH 1st choice for medical therapy, but often recurs after d/c meds
what is histo findings of endometriosis?
blue-black powder burn lesions macroscopically
endometrial glands/stroma with hemosiderin-laden macrophages
what is medical management of endometrial polyps?
progestin
