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Voice Disorders > Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathologies of the vocal folds that alter histological structure are classified as what?

A

Structural pathologies

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2
Q

The term “dysphonia” can include which of the following?

A

All of the above

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3
Q

Which voice disorder below does chronic-smoking cause?

A

Malignant epithelial dysplasia

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4
Q

Which voice disorder is a fluid-filled lesion composed of gelatinous material?

A

Vocal fold polyps

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5
Q

Which voice disorder, in its chronic form, are hard benign lesions that are bilateral and symmetrical?

A

Vocal nodules

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6
Q

Which voice disorder is fluid-filled sessile growth, sometimes caused by blockage of a mucous gland?

A

Vocal fold cyst

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7
Q

Which voice disorder below occurs when the superficial layer of the lamina propria becomes filled with viscous fluid because of long-standing trauma (e.g., smoking, vocal abuse)?

A

Leukoplakia

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8
Q

Which of the following conditions involves having a floppy epiglottis?

A

Laryngomalacia

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9
Q

Which voice disorder below involves a tissue bridge between the vocal folds?

A

Congenital web

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10
Q

Which voice disorder involves post-pubescent boys with falsetto voices and girls with childlike voices?

A

Puberphonia

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11
Q

Which voice disorder involves inflammation of laryngeal joints?

A

Arthritis

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12
Q

Which voice disorder below involves changes to the larynx dues to aging?

A

Presbyphonia

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13
Q

Which voice disorder below involves gastric fluids leaking into the pharynx and larynx causing voice changes?

A

Laryngopharyngeal reflux

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14
Q

Which voice disorder below involves damage because of intubation/extubation?

A

Internal laryngeal trauma

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15
Q

Which voice disorder below is caused by an upper respiratory infection and involves inflammation of the vocal cord mucosa?

A

Laryngitis

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16
Q

Which voice disorder may result from external trauma to the neck (e.g., car accident)?

A

Arytenoid dislocation

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17
Q

Which voice disorder below could be caused by exposure to a perfume or scent and may result in dysphonia, weak voice, and vocal fatigue?

A

Irritable larynx syndrome

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18
Q

Q9: Systemic influences on the voice include which of the following?

A

All of the above

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT something systemic disease drugs do?

A

Cause vocal nodules

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20
Q

What term is used to describe a patient who purposefully feigns illness or injury for psychological gain?

A

Malingering

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21
Q

Which voice disorder below involves real or imagined stress trauma that results in voice changes, but with normal anatomy?

A

Conversion aphonia

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22
Q

Which voice disorder below involves a fungal infection?

A

Candida

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23
Q

Which of the following is an endocrine disorder?

A

All of the above

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24
Q

What condition is a viral infection that affects babies and preschool children, resulting in a harsh, barking cough?

A

Croup

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25
Q

Which condition below involves gastroesopheagel reflux that affects the posterior laryngeal mucosa and can result in dysphonia?

A

LPR/GERD

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26
Q

Which of the following immunologic disorders is a rheumatological disease that deposits fibrotic lesions in various organs and may result in vocal cord ulceration, scarring, and cyst formation?

A

Lupus

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27
Q

Which of the following immunologic disorders is a connective tissue syndrome associated with chronic pain and fatigue, which may be localized in the larynx?

A

Fibromyalgia

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28
Q

Q10: The most common neurologic voice disorder is vocal fold paralysis?

A

True

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29
Q

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with superior laryngeal nerve damage?

A

Vocal pain

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30
Q

Which of the following is the most severe form of vocal fold paralysis?

A

Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis

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31
Q

Which type of spasmodic dysphonia involves strained-strangled voice?

A

Adductor type

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32
Q

Which voice disorder below involves lower motor impairment of the neuromuscular junction that results in rapid muscle fatigue leading to a weak voice?

A

Myasthenia gravis

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33
Q

Which voice disorder is characterized by rhythmic tremors in the larynx?

A

Essential voice tremor

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34
Q

Which voice disorder below is an extrapyramidal disorder that arises from a loss of dopamine available to the basal ganglia resulting in rigidity and bradykinesia?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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35
Q

Which disorder below is a genetic autosomal dominant disease that arises from cell death in the basal ganglia and cortex?

A

Huntington’s chorea

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36
Q

Which disorder below is a degenerative neurological disorder whose primary pathology involves both the upper and lower motor neurons resulting in mixed dysarthria?

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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37
Q

Which disorder below is a progressive inflammatory disease that results in both sensory and motor impairments?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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38
Q

Q11: Diagnosis is the process of discovering the cause of certain symptoms.

A

True

39
Q

Who is trained to examine the laryngeal mechanism for the pathology and to diagnose the voice disorder?

A

Otolaryngologist

40
Q

Who is trained to identify the causes of the voice disorders, evaluate vocal symptoms, and to establish improved vocal function?

A

Voice Pathologist (SLP)

41
Q

What level of voice usage would a singer or actor be at?

A

Level I: Elite vocal performer

42
Q

What level of voice usage would your professor be at?

A

Level II: Professional voice user

43
Q

Who refers the majority of voice patients to the voice pathologist?

A

Otolaryngologist

44
Q

It is acceptable for the voice pathologist to treat a person who has not had a prior examination by an otolaryngologist.

A

False

45
Q

The voice pathologist is the “owner” of the voice problem, and he or she is ultimately responsible for resolving the problem.

A

False

46
Q

Which device is a long flexible tube that is passed through the patient’s nose and allows for direct viewing of the vocal folds?

A

Laryngoscope

47
Q

Patients are sometimes confused when an otolaryngologist refers them to a “speech therapist” for evaluation and treatment.

A

True

48
Q

The presence of laryngeal mass lesions will yield longer voiceless /s/ than the voiced /z/.

A

True

49
Q

s/z ratios greater than 1:4 are considered abnormal.

A

True

50
Q

Q12: Which voice evaluation section’s goal is to establish the identity of the referral source?

A

Referral

51
Q

Which voice evaluation section’s goal is the establish the chronological history of the problem?

A

History of the problem

52
Q

Which voice evaluation section’s goal is to establish the exact reason for the patient referral?

A

Reason for referral

53
Q

Which voice evaluation section’s goal is to summarize the etiologic factors associated with the patient’s voice disorder?

A

Impressions

54
Q

Which voice evaluation section’s goal is to outline a management plan?

A

Recommendations

55
Q

Which voice evaluation section’s goal is to analyze the probability of improvement through voice therapy?

A

Prognosis

56
Q

Which voice evaluation section’s goals include 1) describing the present vocal components and 2) examining inappropriate use of vocal components?

A

Auditory-perceptual voice assessment

57
Q

Which section(s) of the voice evaluation report do physicians typically turn to first (and sometimes only)?

A

d. Both “a” and “c”

impressions and Recommendations

58
Q

The authors discourage the use of audio recording during the diagnostic session

A

False

59
Q

The CAPE-V is intended to measure what?

A

All of the above

Pitch loudness quality

60
Q

The VHI is intended to measure what?

A

Voice handicap

61
Q

In what part or section of the voice evaluation would you administer the CAPE-V?

A

Auditory-perceptual voice assessment

62
Q

In what part or section of the voice evaluation would you administrate the VHI?

A

Patient self-analysis

63
Q

Q13:Which of the following devices is NOT involved in sound signal detection?

A

Speaker

64
Q

The process of changing energy from one form to another is what?

A

Transduction

65
Q

Which term refers to increasing the magnitude of a signal?

A

Amplification

66
Q

Which of the following reshapes the acoustic waveform to eliminate selected energy above or below a certain frequency range?

A

Filters

67
Q

Which of the following is an acoustic measure of the perceptual judgement of loudness?

A

Intensity

68
Q

Which of the following assess the cycle-to-cycle variation in the acoustic waveform for either frequency or intensity?

A

Perturbation

69
Q

Which of the following is used as a code or shorthand for fundamental frequency?

A

Fo

70
Q

The perturbation measure of cycle-to-cycle variation in frequency is known as what?

A

Jitter

71
Q

Normal voices are mostly periodic while dysphonic voices have large aperiodic or noisy components

A

True

72
Q

The degree of noise (e.g., hoarseness) in the voice is expressed in a harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR).

A

True

73
Q

Which of the following is an acoustic measure of the perceptual judgement of pitch?

A

Fundamental frequency

74
Q

Q14: Which of the following is an aerodynamic measurement?

A

c. Both “a” and ““b”

75
Q

Excessive average flow rates usually reflect an underlying glottal incompetence, whereas increased subglottic pressure is often associated with hyperfunctional voice use patterns.

A

True

76
Q

Atmospheric pressure and temperature can affect aerodynamic equipment, thus this type of equipment needs regular recalibration.

A

True

77
Q

The movement of molecules from higher density to lower density is known as what?

A

Flow

78
Q

What is the general term describing the total amount of flow used during a given speech task?

A

Volume

79
Q

The relationship between differential pressure, flow, and resistance is captured in Ohm’s law.

A

True

80
Q

In phonation, subglottic pressure acts as a force building up above the abducted vocal folds, lowering until it overcomes vocal fold resistance.

A

False

81
Q

The unvoiced /p/ sound can be used to assess subglottic pressure as the oral pressure associated with it is an analog to subglottic air pressure

A

True

82
Q

What is the minimal driving pressure required to set the vocal folds into oscillation?

A

Phonation Threshold Pressure (PTP)

83
Q

Inverse filtering is a technique that theoretically isolates the glottal sound wave and the resonance sound wave.

A

True

84
Q

Q15: Endoscopic evaluations are what?

A

Indirect visual perceptual measure

85
Q

Which picture to the right is an example of a 90-degree rigid endoscopy?

A

B

86
Q

Rigid endoscopy is limited because people have a scope in their mouth and can only phonate vowels /i/.

A

True

87
Q

In terms of optics, flexible endoscopy offers a better picture with less optic artifacts than rigid endoscopy.

A

False

88
Q

Flexible endoscopy is slightly more invasive than rigid endoscopy.

A

True

89
Q

The use of endoscopy by a SLP is considered to be within the scope of practice for a SLP according to ASHA.

A

True

90
Q

Because intraoral topical anesthesia is sometimes used in endoscopy, which contains a rare chance of allergic reaction, medical oversight should be used (e.g., a physician order).

A

True

91
Q

What is stroboscopy most useful in viewing?

A

Vocal fold function (physiology)

92
Q

Stroboscopy is not real-time slow motion, but rather a composition of separate flashes across many waveforms.

A

True

93
Q

Which technique uses a camera to scan a single horizontal line of a vocal cord vibration?

A

Kymography

Voice Disorders (1 decks)

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