quiz 2 bovine

Question 1

Heifer

Answer 1

under 30 months old and has not given birth

Question 2

Cow

Answer 2

older than 30 months old or has given birth

Question 3

Calf

Answer 3

young bovine

Question 4

Bull

Answer 4

Intact Male

Question 5

Ox

Answer 5

Castrated bovine older than 4 years

Question 6

Steer

Answer 6

Castrated bovine younger than 4 years

Question 7

Whats the flow of digesta?

Answer 7

Mouth
Esophagus
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

Question 8

Whats the lining of the forestomach like?

Answer 8

Rume- papillae lining increase ability to absorb
Reticulum- Honeycomb pattern
Omasum- tissue resembles pages in a book
Abomasum - Has glands

Question 9

Difference between Adult + Calf digestive anatomy

Answer 9

In calves, rumen ,reticulum , are
under devleopped and the largest part of their stomach is the abomasum. Can eat some of the same feed as adults

Question 10

Hardware Disease

Answer 10

heavy/metal objects ingested by bovine and can puncture the reticulum when it contracts causing hardware disease

Question 11

Forages

Answer 11

Large # of fibers - low energy
Ex: pasture, hay, plants

Question 12

Concentrates

Answer 12

Provides energy + protein
Ex: corn most popular, sweet feed

Question 13

by products

Answer 13

residue of human food processing industry ex: citrus skins

Question 14

minerals + vitamins

Answer 14

can come individually or combination
supplement due to environmental factors

Question 15

Non- nutritive feedstuff

Answer 15

Adds elements like flavours + odor to stimulate animal production and feed efficacy

Question 16

Why can ruminants not have material derived from mammalian sources?

Answer 16

Causes Mad Cow Disease

Question 17

How much water a day does
Adult bovine + Dairy cows

Answer 17

Adult : 10-14 Gallons
Dairy: 3-5 Gallons per gallon of milk

Question 18

free choice water should not be given to

Answer 18

newborn calves - 2 weeks

Question 19

What do carbohydrates do for bovines?

Answer 19

Provide bovine with energy. Building blocks for other nutrients . Able to produce microbial fermentation.

Question 20

Describe protein in nutrient pyramid

Answer 20

Protein requirement depends on life stage. Digestibility of protein may be insufficient. higher protein requirement young + growing animals

Question 21

how do cows “make” higher quality protein?

Answer 21

Urea produced by microbes as a source od nitrogen for protein synthasis. Microbial protein passes to abomasum + digested can leave rumen a higher quality than it came in

Question 22

Highest energy demand?

Answer 22

lactating bovines

Question 23

what increases digestibility of grain?

Answer 23

processing them increases digestibility

Question 24

how do we prevent scours

Answer 24

managing calving areas, provide colostrum + maintaining good nutrition

Question 25

whats "chewing cud"

Answer 25

regurgitating food and chewing it again several times until its broken down enough to be digested

Question 26

whats the purpose of milk by-passing the rumen?

Answer 26

so milk isnt fermented or sourced by ruminal microorganisms

Question 27

2 common gasses produced by microbial fermentation

Answer 27

carbon dioxide + methane