Quiz 2 (1-25)

Question 1

Invasive plant species affect the interactions of living and nonliving components of an ecosystem, so the removal of invasive plants is often necessary. The goal of most plant-control methods is to disrupt or inhibit the function of different plant systems. For example, insects can be used to chew through roots in order to reduce a plant’s ability to absorb water.Which of these functions would be most immediately affected by a reduction in water uptake by roots?

F) Disease resistance
G) Seed dispersal
H) Sunlight absorption
J) Photosynthesis

Answer 1

J)Photosynthesis

Question 2

The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process. Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?

F) Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis
G) Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells
H) Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within the cell
J) Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell

Answer 2

J) Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell

Question 3

The defenses of two flightless birds that live in different habitats are shown. How do the wings of the Gentoo penguin and the legs of the common ostrich provide an advantage in their habitat?

A) Allows them to find prey
B) Allows them to escape from predators
C) Allows them to control their body temperature
D) Allows them to be camouflaged in their environments

Answer 3

B) Allows them to escape from predators

Question 4

Which graphic organizer best compares the energy inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A
B
C
D

Answer 4

B

Question 5

Which statements best compare the function of an ATP molecule to a DNA molecule?
*
F) ATP carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms. DNA serves as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions.
G) ATP provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell. DNA carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms.
H) ATP serves as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions. DNA acts as a structural sugar in the cell walls of plants.
J) ATP acts as a structural sugar in the cell walls of plants. DNA provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell.

Answer 5

G) ATP provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell. DNA carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms.

Question 6

Which statement describes the process of osmosis in an animal cell?
*
F) Sugar molecules move across the plasma membrane until the cell has enough energy to grow in size and divide.
G) Water molecules move across the plasma membrane until solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane.
H) Ions move across the plasma membrane until the inside of the cell has a higher concentration of positive charges.
J) Enzymes move across the plasma membrane until the cell has completed metabolism.

Answer 6

G) Water molecules move across the plasma membrane until solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane.

Question 7

A diagram of an HIV infection is shown. Which conclusion about the HIV infection of a host cell is best supported by the diagram?

A) It takes place outside of living cells.
B) It relies on the host cell to reproduce.
C) It involves the process of meiosis.
D) It requires carbon dioxide.

Answer 7

B) It relies on the host cell to reproduce.

Question 8

An illness caused by a certain virus includes fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, and headache. The virus is transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms quickly occur within three to twelve days after contracting the virus. There is no vaccine for this virus. Which description best explains the reproductive cycle of this virus?
*
A) Lytic, because the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes
B) Lysogenic, because there is no way to vaccinate against it
C) Lytic, because of the quick incubation time
D) Lysogenic, because the virus causes a fever

Answer 8

C) Lytic, because of the quick incubation time

Question 9

When mammals get an infection, their internal body temperature often rises 2 to 3 degrees Celsius. The body gets the energy it needs to react to an infection by —
*
A) increasing the rate of cellular division
B) decreasing the rate of glucose movement into the cell
C) increasing the rate of cellular respiration in mitochondria
D) decreasing the rate at which carbon dioxide is removed from the cell

Answer 9

C) increasing the rate of cellular respiration in mitochondria

Question 10

Which statement explains how producers are dependent upon consumers for their survival?
*
A) Consumers supply oxygen for producers to undergo aerobic respiration.
B) Consumers produce carbon dioxide for producers to use during photosynthesis.
C) Consumers provide chemical energy needed by producers for cellular respiration.
D) Consumers make lactic acid that producers use in photosynthesis.

Answer 10

B) Consumers produce carbon dioxide for producers to use during photosynthesis.

Question 11

Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?
*
F) Cells contain protein, and viruses contain only carbohydrates.
G) Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia.
H) Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce.
J) Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic acid.

Answer 11

H) Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce.

Question 12

Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals?
*
A) Wax
B) Nucleic acid
C) Glucose
D) Chlorophyll

Answer 12

C) Glucose

Question 13

A student researching bacteria concluded a report with the claim “All bacteria disrupt the health of organisms they inhabit, including humans.”Which statement correctly addresses the validity of the claim?
*
F) The claim is valid because many studies and experiments have shown that bacteria disrupt homeostasis.
G) The claim is invalid because there are many types of bacteria that help organisms maintain homeostasis.
H) The claim is invalid because only microorganisms such as viruses disrupt the health of organisms.
J) The claim is valid because bacteria cause disease.

Answer 13

G) The claim is invalid because there are many types of bacteria that help organisms maintain homeostasis.

Question 14

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?
*
F) The nuclear membrane is ruptured.
G) Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.
H) A codon sequence is incorrect.
J) Transportation of mRNA does not occur.

Answer 14

H) A codon sequence is incorrect.

Question 15

The picture shows a contractile vacuole of a unicellular freshwater organism. The contractile vacuole regulates the flow of water into and out of the cell in an aquatic environment. What conditions cause the contractile vacuole to fill with water?
*
F) The concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell.
G) The temperature of water in the vacuole is higher than the temperature of its environment.
H) The concentration of water inside the cell is the same as the concentration outside the cell.
J) The temperature of water in the vacuole is lower than the temperature of its environment.

Answer 15

F) The concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell.

Question 16

A model of a biological process is shown. What is the purpose of this process?
*

F) To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division
G) To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template
H) To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code
J) To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

Answer 16

J) To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

Question 17

Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites, and direct skin contact. Once a virus gains entry to the body, it invades a host cell in order to —
*
F) deactivate the host cell’s defenses
G) synthesize antibodies for defense
H) metabolize host proteins and grow
J) access cellular processes for replication

Answer 17

J) access cellular processes for replication

Question 18

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?
*
F) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
G) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
H) Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.
J) Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

Answer 18

H) Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Question 19

A student used poster board to construct this model of a section of DNA. Which statement describes this model of DNA?
*

A) The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect.
B) The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases.
C The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix.
D)The model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing.

Answer 19

A) The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect.

Question 20

Which statement best describes the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and the reactants in cellular respiration?
*
A) The products of photosynthesis serve as the reactants in cellular respiration to provide chemical energy.
B) The products of photosynthesis combine with the reactants in cellular respiration to remove ATP from cells.
C) The products of photosynthesis inhibit the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.
D) The products of photosynthesis change the structure of the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.

Answer 20

A) The products of photosynthesis serve as the reactants in cellular respiration to provide chemical energy.

Question 21

This diagram shows cellular activity across a cell membrane. Which two processes does this diagram most directly model?
*

F) Energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules
G) Synthesis of new molecules and homeostasis
H) Transport of molecules and energy conversions
J) Homeostasis and transport of molecules

Answer 21

J) Homeostasis and transport of molecules

Question 22

The picture shows a 3-D model of a virus called a bacteriophage. Bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as E. coli. In what way are the bacteriophage and E. coli alike?
*
F) They contain antibodies.
G) They reproduce by mitosis.
H) They have identical genomes.
J) They lack membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 22

J) They lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 23

Nudibranchs are marine gastropods that lack shells. Many of these gastropods retain the foul-tasting poisons of their prey and secrete them when threatened. The bright coloration of the nudibranchs warns predators to avoid them. Based on this information, how has adaptation allowed marine gastropods to be successful without a shell?
*
F) They find enough food as they move through the marine environment.
G) They blend in with their environment to hide from their predators.
H) They are not attacked by most predators and are able to reproduce successfully.
J) They have bright colors that attract a mate.

Answer 23

H) They are not attacked by most predators and are able to reproduce successfully.

Question 24

The 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. This epidemic happened near the end of World War I. More people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. Which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide?
*
F) Infected soldiers returning from the war spread the virus when they coughed.
G) Food was scarce because of the war, so people were undernourished, and their immune systems were weakened.
H) Medical personnel often became ill as a result of exposure to airborne virus particles.
J) All of the above

Answer 24

J) All of the above

Question 25

Which statement is an example of how carbon moves through a food chain as part of the carbon cycle?
*
F) Producers release carbon dioxide, and consumers take it in.
G) Producers take in carbon dioxide, and consumers release it.
H) Producers take in carbon from the soil, and they release it when they decompose.
J) Producers release carbon into the soil, and consumers take it in from the soil.

Answer 25

G) Producers take in carbon dioxide, and consumers release it.