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Embryo > Questions Review From Spirits > Flashcards

Questions Review From Spirits Flashcards

1
Q

Results from failure of mesenchymal masses in the medial nasal and maxillary prominences to merge
A. Cleft palate
B. Congenital microstomia
C. Cleft Lip
D. Facial cleft

A

C. Cleft Lip

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2
Q

The 4 layers of the skin are completed by:
A. 4 months AOG
B. 5 months AOG
C. 6 months AOG
D. 7 month AOG

A

D. 7 month AOG

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3
Q
  1. Which structure does not develop its smooth muscle from endoderm?
    A. Pupillary glands
    B. Mammary glands
    C. Salivary glands
    D. Sweat glands
A

C. Salivary glands

Smooth muscle fibers differentiate from splanchnic mesenchyme surrounding the endoderm of the primordial gut and its derivatives. The somatic mesoderm provides smooth muscle in the walls of many blood and lymphatic vessels. The muscles of the iris (sphincter and dilator pupillae) and the myoepithelial cells in mammary and sweat glands are thought to be derived from mesenchymal cells that originate from ectoderm. (The Developing Human Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10ed chap 13 pg 358)

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4
Q

Which is NOT a characteristic feature of “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”?
A. Epicanthal folds
B. Congenital heart disease
C. Maxillary hyperplasia
D. Microcephaly

A

C. Maxillary hyperplasia -should be MAXILLARY HYPOPLASIA

Microcephaly (small neurocranium), short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, maxillary hypoplasia, short nose, thin upper lip, abnormal palmar creases, joint defects, and congenital heart disease are also seen in most infants. The pattern of defects produced by fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is detected in 1 to 2 infants per 1000 live births(The Developing Human Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10ed chap 20 pg 476)

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5
Q
  1. Which is FALSE regarding the development of the skull after birth?
    A. 1st 2 years of life: period of rapid brain growth
    B. Fibrous sutures permit the brain to enlarge
    C. Increment in skull size occurs until 21 yrs old
    D. Influenced by thickening of facial bones and dental development
A

C. Increment in skull size occurs until 21 yrs old —SHOULD BE 16 YEARS OLD

The fibrous sutures of the neonate’s calvaria permit the brain to enlarge during infancy and childhood. The increase in size of the calvaria is greatest during the first 2 years, the period of most rapid postnatal growth of the brain. The calvaria normally increases in capacity until approximately 16 years. After this, it usually increases slightly for 3 to 4 years because of thickening of the bones. Rapid growth of the face and jaw coincides with eruption of the primary (deciduous) teeth. These facial changes are more marked after the secondary (permanent) teeth erupt. (The Developing Human Clinically Oriented Embryology, 10ed chap 14 pg 347)

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6
Q
  1. What is the result of imperfect fusion or non-union of vertebral arches?
    A. Accessory ribs
    B. Hemivertebra
    C. Scoliosis
    D. Spina bifida
A

D. spina bifida

of imperfect fusion or nonunion of the vertebral arches. Such an abnormality, known as cleft
vertebra (spina bifida) - Langman’s 14th ed pg 158

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7
Q
  1. Form the stapes of the middle ear and the styloid process of the temporal bone
    A.1st pharyngeal arch cartilage
    B. 2nd pharyngeal arch cartilage
    C. 3rd pharyngeal arch cartilage
    D. 4th pharyngeal arch cartilage
A

B. 2nd pharyngeal arch cartilage

The dorsal end of the second arch cartilage forms a portion of the stapes of the middle ear and the styloid
process of the temporal bone - Moore 10th ed pg 346

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8
Q

This results from excessive merging of the mesenchymal masses in the maxillary and mandibular prominences of the first pharyngeal arch.
A. Cleft lip, bilateral
B. Cleft lip, unilateral
C. Congenital macrostomia
D. Congenital microstomia

A

D. Congenital microstomia

Congenital microstomia (small mouth) results from excessive merging of
the mesenchymal masses in the maxillary and mandibular prominences of
first pharyngeal arch. - Moore 10th ed pg 184

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9
Q

. This congenital anomaly results mainly from failure of muscular tissue from the body wall to extend into the pleuroperitoneal membrane on the affected side

A. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
B. Hiatal hernia
C. Eventration of diaphragm
D. Esphageal hiatus

A

C. Eventration of diaphragm

The abdominal viscera are displaced superiorly into the pocket-like outpouching of the diaphragm. This defect results mainly from failure of muscular tissue from the body

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10
Q

Not a derivative of the 1st pharyngeal arch
A. Hyoid bone
B. Zygomatic bone
C. Maxilla
D. Mandible

A

A. Hyoid bone

The first arch separates into the maxillary and mandibular prominences. The maxillary prominence forms the maxilla, zygomatic bone, and a portion of the vomer bone. The mandibular prominence forms the mandible and squamous temporal bone. Along with the third arch, the second arch (hyoid arch) contributes to the formation of the hyoid bone. - Moore 10th ed pg 155 - 157

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11
Q

What is dermatoglyphics?
A. It is the study of ridge patterns of the skin that are well established by 17 weeks age of gestation

B. is mainly to observe the palm’s shape, color,and lines as well as the length of the fingers

C. Study of finger patterns that are altered as a person ages

D. Used exclusively in forensic medicine to for identification based on patterns found on the dermis

A

C. Study of finger patterns that are altered as a person ages

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12
Q
  1. The external acoustic meatus is a remnant of the:
    A. Pharyngeal membrane
    B. Pharyngeal grooves
    C. Pharyngeal pouch
    D. Pharyngeal arch
A

B. Pharyngeal groove

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13
Q

The first lanugo hairs appear on the surface by 3rd month age of gestation in the following area/s:
A. Scalp
B. Back
C. Eyebrow and upper lip
D. Arms and legs

A

D. Arms and legs (?)
A. Scalp

Lanugo arises about three months into development. Hair growth starts on the scalp around the eyebrow, nose, and forehead area and proceeds in a cephalocaudal direction from head to toe.Oct 10, 2022
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NB…
Embryology, Lanugo - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

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14
Q
  1. What type of angioma contains lymphatics
    A. Portwine stain or hemangioma
    B. Nevus flammerus
    C. Cystic hygroma
    D. Lymphedema
A

D. Lymphedema

Lymphedema is swelling caused by a build-up of lymph fluid under your skin

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15
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding the pharyngeal grooves?

A. The head and neck regions of the human embryo exhibit four pharyngeal grooves on each side during the fourth and fifth weeks

B. These grooves separate the pharyngeal arches externally.
C. Only one pair of grooves contributes to postnatal structures.
D. The other grooves lie in a slit-like depression-the cervical sinus and grow along with the sinus as the neck develops.

A

D. The other grooves lie in a slit-like depression-the cervical sinus and grow along with the sinus as the neck develops.

The other grooves lie in a slit-like depression-the cervical sinus and are normally obliterated along with the sinus as the neck develops (The Developing Human 9th ed pg 169)

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16
Q
  1. When do limb buds become visible as outpocketings from the ventrolateral body wall?
    A. 2 wks AOG
    B. 3 wks AOG
    C. 4 wks AOG
    D. 5 wks AOG
A

C. 4 weeks AOG

4th week: limb buds become visible from the ventrolateral body wall

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17
Q
  1. The upper limb buds appear at what gestational age?

A. 19-20 days
B. 21-23 days
C. 24-25 days
D. 26-27 days

A

D. 26-27 days

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18
Q
  1. Responsible for production of new cells and later forms ridges and hollows, which are reflected on the surface of the skin in the fingerprint
    A. Basal layer
    B. Spinous layer
    C. Granular layer
    D. Horny layer
A

A. Basal layer

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following is FALSE about melanocytes?
    A. Arise from neural crest cells
    B. Found in the dermis layer of the skin
    C. Appear at around 3 months age of gestation
    D. Produce melanin that cause pigmentation of the skin
A

B. Found in the dermis layer of the skin

20
Q

Growth and development of the thymus are not complete at birth.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

21
Q
  1. From which structure do calcitoninproducing cells originate?
    A. 5th pharyngeal pouch
    B. 4th pharyngeal pouch
    C. 3rd pharyngeal pouch
    D. 2nd pharyngeal pouch
A

B. 4th pharyngeal pouch

The elongated ventral part of each fourth pouch develops into an ultimopharyngeal body, which fuses with the thyroid gland. Its cells disseminate within the thyroid and form parafollicular cells. These cells are also called C cells, indicating that they produce calcitonin, a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. C cells differentiate from neural crest cells that migrate from the arches into the fourth pair of pouches Chapter 9 Pharyngeal Apparatus - Histogenesis of Parathyroid and Thyroid (page 164) The Developing Human by Moore 10th Ed

22
Q

There is rapid growth of the placental size and thickness until what age of gestation? A. 16 weeks B. 18 weeks C. 20 weeks D. 22 weeks

A

B. 18 weeks

The size and thickness of uterus, chorionic sac, and placenta rapidly grow until fetus is around 18 weeks old Embryo Trans Block 1.6 Placental and Fetal Membrane Development of the Placenta (page 2 of 11)

23
Q
  1. The nasal bulb, the philtrum, the premaxillary segment of the maxilla and the primitive palate results from the fusion of the A. Medial nasal and maxillary process
    B. Lateral nasal and maxillary process C. Maxillary prominences and mandibular process
    D. Mandibular and medial nasal process
A

A. Medial nasal and maxillary process

Merging the medial nasal and maxillary prominences results in continuity of the upper jaw and lip and separation of the nasal pits from the stomodeum. As the medial nasal prominences merge, they form an intermaxillary segment (see Figs. 9-25H and 9-32E and F). This segment forms the middle part (philtrum) of the upper lip, the premaxillary part of the maxilla and its associated gingiva (gum), and the primary palate.

24
Q
  1. What does NOT happen to the skull after birth? A. Dental development - TRUE. Rapid
    growth of the face and jaws coincides with eruption of the primary (deciduous) teeth
    B. Fibrous sutures permit brain to enlarge - TRUE
    C. Increment in skull size occurs
    until 21 years - The calvaria normally increases in capacity until approximately 16 years. After this, it usually increases slightly for 3 to 4 years because of thickening of the bones.
    D. Rapid brain growth occurs during the 1st 2 years of life- - TRUE
A

C. Increment in skull size occurs
until 21 years -

25
Q
  1. In Poland syndrome, which muscles are absent? Please check 2 correct answers.

A. Cardiac muscle
B. Diaphragm
C. Pectoralis major
D. Pectoralis minor

A

C. Pectoralis major
D. Pectoralis minor

Poland syndrome is associated with hypoplasia or absence of the breast or nipple. Absence of the pectoralis major (often its sternal part)
is usually
associated with syndactyly (fusion of digits). These birth defects are part of the Poland syndrome (absence of pectoralis major and minor muscles, ipsilateral breast hypoplasia, and absence of two to four ribs) Chapter 15 Muscular System - Anomalies of the Muscle (page 360 and 444) The Developing Human by Moore 10th Ed

26
Q

As the vertebral column is developed, what happens during the pre cartilage stage? A. Appearance of chondrification centers - Cartilaginous stage
B. Articulation with vertebral arch with the centrum - Bony stage
C. Sclerotomal cells from the somites areas of the notochord, portion of the neural tube and part of the body wall
D. Ossification centers appear at the centrum - Bony stage

A

C. Sclerotomal cells from the somites areas of the notochord, portion of the neural tube and part of the body wall

During the precartilaginous or mesenchymal stage, mesenchymal cells from the sclerotomes are found in three main areas: around the notochord, surrounding the neural tube, and in the body wall. In a frontal section of a 4-week embryo, the sclerotomes appear as paired condensations of mesenchymal cells around the notochord. Each sclerotome consists of loosely arranged cells cranially and densely packed cells caudally. Chapter 14 Skeletal System - Development of Vertebral Column (page 342) The Developing Human by Moore 10th Ed

27
Q
  1. Primordia of the nostrils *

A. Nasal placodes B. Nasal prominences C. Nasal pits D. Nasolacrimal grooves

A

C. Nasal pits

28
Q
  1. Thyroid development starts during which period?+

A. 4th week B. 5th week C. 6th week D. 7th week

A

A. 4th week

begins to form, under the influence of FGF signaling pathways, approximately 24 days after fertilization

29
Q
  1. *What is found in thick skin?
    A. sebaceous glands (not found)
    B. arrector pili muscles (not found)
    C. sweat glands (found)
    D. hair follicles (not found)
A

C. Sweat glands

Thick skin- covers the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet; it lacks hair follicles, arrector muscles of hairs, and sebaceous glands, but it has sweat glands. Thin skin-covers most of the rest of the body; it contains hair follicles, arrector muscles of hairs, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands Moore’s The Developing Human- Clinically Oriented Embryology, 9th ed., ch. 19, p.453

30
Q

The tympanic membrane is derived from the:
A. 4th pharyngeal membrane B. 3rd pharyngeal membrane C. 2nd pharyngeal membrane D. 1st pharyngeal membrane

A

D. 1st pharyngeal membrane

The primordium of the tympanic membrane is the first pharyngeal membrane, which forms the external surface of the tympanic membrane. Moore’s The Developing Human- Clinically Oriented Embryology, 9th ed., ch. 18, p.444

31
Q
  1. Incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swellings results in:
    A. Cleft tongue B. Ankyloglossia C. Lingual cysts D. Microglossia
A

A. Cleft tongue

32
Q

The upper limb buds appear paddle shaped at what specific age of the embryo ?

A

31-32 days

33
Q

When does facial development take place in utero?

A. 4-8 weeks B. 6-8 weeks C. 8-12 weeks D. 10- 14 weeks

A

A. 4-8 weeks

34
Q
  1. This refers to the formation of new vascular channels arising from cell precursors.

A. Angiogenesis -
B. Osteogenesis
C. Vasculogenesis -
D. None of the above

A

Answer
C. Vasculogenesis

A. Angiogenesis - formation of new vessels by budding and branching from preexisting vessels.
C. Vasculogenesis - the formation of new vascular channels by assembly of individual cell precursors called angioblasts

35
Q
  1. A pharyngeal arch does NOT contain: A. an artery B. a cartilage rod C. a vein D. a muscular component
A

C. A vein

A cartilaginous component
A muscular component
An aortic arch (artery)
A nerve

36
Q

Myotomes which form the lateral and ventral flexor muscles of the vertebral column.

A. Thoracic B. Limb C. Lumbar D. Sacrococcygeal

A

C. Lumbar

37
Q

During the precartilage stage in vertebral column formation, which structure is formed when somites surround the ventrolateral aspect of the notochord?
A. Centrum
B. Coastal processes
C. Intervertebral discs
D. Neural arch

A

D. Neural arch

Sclerotomal cells later migrate dorsally around the spinal cord, forming the neural arches

38
Q
  1. The primordium of the tracheobronchial tree develops caudal to what pair of pharyngeal pouches.
A

4th pair of pharyngeal pouches

39
Q

The thyroid reaches its final position at what age of gestation?

A. 6 weeks old
B. 7 weeks old
C. 8 weeks old
D. 9 weeks old

A

B. 7 weeks old

At 7 weeks, the thyroid gland has assumed its definitive shape and is usually located in its final site in the neck. By this time, the thyroglossal duct has normally degenerated and disappeared. (developing embryo 10th ed. moore, page 169)

40
Q

What structure induces the formation of the neural plate? A. Neural folds B. Neural tube C. Neuroenteric canal D. Notochord

A

D. Notochord

41
Q

In the development of the skeletal system, the mesenchyme, or embryonic connective tissue forms from:

A. Somitomeres B. Somites C. Sclerotome D. Dermomyotome

A

C. Sclerotome

At end of the fourth week, the sclerotome cells form a loosely woven tissue called mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue), which has boneforming capacity.

42
Q
  1. Part of the viscerocranium that undergo endochonfral ossification A. squamous temporal bone B. auditory ossicles* C. maxilla D. mandible
A

D. Mandible

accrdng. moore 10th ed. pg 246: Intramembranous ossification- mandibular prominence (forms the mandible) Endochonral ossification- chin and mandibular condyle

43
Q

What do myoblasts of the epimere form?

A. Extensor muscles of the vertebral column
B. Rectus abdominis C. Quadratus lumborom D. Thoracis muscles

A

A. Extensor muscles of the epimere form

Myoblasts from epaxial divisions (epimere) of the myotomes form the extensor muscles of the neck and vertebral column. (developing embryo 10th ed. moore, page 357)

44
Q
  1. Ossification stage of vertebral column formation occurs until:

A. Birth B. Preschool age at 3-5 years old C. Early adolescence at 9-12 years old D. Early adulthood, at 25 years old

A

D. Early adulthood, at 25 years old

Ossification of typical vertebrae begins during the seventh week and ends by the 25th year. (developing embryo 10th ed. moore, page 342

45
Q
  1. What happens to the muscles of the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A. It forms the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. Moore 10th ed p160

B. It becomes the stylopharyngeus muscle- 3rd pharyngeal arch

C. It makes up some of the muscles of mastication.- 1st pharyngeal arch

D. It forms the muscle of facial expression. - 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

A. It forms the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.

46
Q

In the development of the mammary glands, the epithelial pit where the lactiferous ducts transforms into a nipple:

A. At birth
B. At 36-37 weeks AOG
C. At around 34-35 weeks AOG
D. At around 33-34 weeks AOG

A

A. At birth

Soon after birth, the nipples usually
rise from the mammary pits because of proliferation of the surrounding connective tissue of the areola, the circular area of pigmented skin around the nipples. Moores 10th ed p 442.

47
Q

This structure is an important organizer of the head region and the future site of the oral cavity.

A. Embryonic disc
B. Cloacal membrane
C. Hypoblast
D. Prechordal plate

A

D. Prechordal plate Prechordal plate o Thickened
circular, localized area of columnar hypoblastic cells o Indicates the future site of the mouth o Important organizer of the head region.

Embryo (2 decks)

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