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Boards > Pulmonary Anderson > Flashcards

Pulmonary Anderson Flashcards

1
Q

pneumothorax

A

loss of vacuum b/w pleura (visceral and parietal)…visceral adheres to lung and parietal to thoracic cage

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2
Q

bronchial artery

A

blood from aorta to lung tissues

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3
Q

bronchial vein

A

blood from lung tissues to azygos veins and some pulmonary veins

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4
Q

pulmonary artery

A

deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to alveoli

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5
Q

pulmonary vein

A

oxygenated blood from alveoli to left atrium

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6
Q

what CN parasympathetically constricts bronchioles

A

CN 10

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7
Q

what nerve has sensory of lung

A

CN 10

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8
Q

what dilates the lungs

A

sympathetic chain ganglia

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9
Q

anterior mediastinum contains

A

thymus

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10
Q

middle mediastinum contains

A

heart, pericardium

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11
Q

superior mediastinum contains

A

aortic arch, brachiocephalic veins

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12
Q

posterior mediastinum contains

A

esophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

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13
Q

how do sinuses drain

A

sphenoid to ethmoid to maxillary to nasal cavity…frontal drains to maxillary to nasal cavity

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14
Q

CN innervation of larynx for vocalization

A

CN 10

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15
Q

tidal volume

A

volume inspired or expired with each normal breath

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16
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume, used during exercise

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17
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

volume that can be expired after the expiration of a tidal volume

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18
Q

residual volume

A

volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration

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19
Q

anatomic dead space

A

volume of conducting airways, normally 150 ml

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20
Q

physiological dead space

A

functional measurement, defined as volume of the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange, approximately equal to anatomic dead space in normal lungs

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21
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

sum of tidal volume and IRV

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22
Q

functional residual capacity

A

sum of ERV and residual volume, volume remaining in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired, includes residual so it cannot be measured by spirometry

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23
Q

vital capacity

A

sum of the tidal volume plus IRV and ERV, volume that is expired after after a maximal inspiration

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24
Q

forced vital capacity

A

volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration

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25
Q

total lung capacity

A

sum of all four lung volumes, volume in lungs after a maximal inspiration, includes residual vole so it cannot be measured by spirometry

26
Q

forced expiratory volume

A

volume of air that can be expired in 1 second after a maximal inspiration…normally 80% of forced vital capacity

27
Q

dorsal respiratory group of medulla

A

inspiration/rhythm…input from CN 9/10 and output via phrenic nerve to diaphragm

28
Q

ventral respiratory group of medulla

A

expiration…only operates during active respiration

29
Q

apneustic center/lower pons

A

stimulates inspiration (gasp/apneusis)

30
Q

pneumotaxic center/upper pons

A

inhibits inspiration (regulates rte and volume)

31
Q

what does the cortex do in teams of breathing

A

hypoventilation/hyperventilation

32
Q

infectious rhinitis

A

common cold viruses

33
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

hay fever, IgE mediated

34
Q

chronic rhinitis

A

superimposed bacterial infection on other two

35
Q

acute sinusitis

A

usually preceded by rhinitis, usually mixed normal flora, can spread into orbit or penetrate bone –> osteomyelitis

36
Q

laryngitis

A

may be associated with smoking > carcinoma

37
Q

epiglottitis

A

H Flu or Beta hemolytic strep, children, drooling often, Thumbprint sign on X ray

38
Q

laryngeal cancer

A

tobacco smoke, 30-50% have mets at dx

39
Q

polyps

A

reactive nodes that rarely become cancerous, vocal cords of heavy smokers or singers

40
Q

leaukoplakia of larynx

A

any hyperkeratotic lesion, mb benign or malignant, strongly correlated with tobacco and alcohol

41
Q

pulmonary edema

A

LCHF, etc.

42
Q

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome/Shock Lung

A

injury to Type 1 pneumocytes and capillary endothelial cells in lung, leads to pulmonary edema/fibrosis/infections

43
Q

pulmonary embolism and infarction

A

LCHF, etc.

44
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapse or incomplete expansion of acini

45
Q

disease with increased compliance of lungs

A

emphysema

46
Q

the common consequence of interstitial/restrictive lung disease is

A

wide spread lung fibrosis producing lung elastic recoil and decreased lung compliance

47
Q

emphysema

A

permanent dilation of part of all of the acinus with eventual destruction of alveolar walls, cigarette smoking or deficiency of serum alpha 1 protease inhibitor in non-smokers, pursed lips, pink puffers because they have normal pCO2

48
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

blue bloaters because they have increased pCO2, persistent cough w/ sputum for at least 3 months in two consecutive years, dont retain hypercapnic drive to breath

49
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

strep pneumonia, gram positive diplococcus, rusty brown sputum… klebsiella p, gram negative rod in alcoholics

50
Q

lobar pneumonia w/ red hepatization

A

damaged vessels/rusty sputum

51
Q

lobar pneumonia w/ gray hepatization

A

fibrin, no rbcs

52
Q

broncho pneumonia/lobular

A

patchy opportunistic infection, aspiration pneumonia usually on right upper lobe

53
Q

primary atypical pneumonia

A

interstitial pneumonitis dt small organism, virus, mycoplasma

54
Q

TB

A

mycobacterium TB, delayed hypersensitivty type IV, caseating granulomas, acid fact bacili

55
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of bronchi from contraction of scar with secondary infection, usually lower portion of lung, foul smelling copious sputum usually in am

56
Q

asthma

A

small bronchi abnormally responsive to stimuli causing constriction and inflammation, type 1 hypersensitivity from IgE

57
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

dust inhalation, upper lobes, silicosis, asbestosis, coal miner’s lung

58
Q

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

farmer’s lung, pigeon breeders lung, interstitial pneumonia and fibrosis, non-caseating granulomas

59
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome

A

antibodies against basement membrane of lung and kidneys, type II immune injury

60
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant, in bronchi or near hilum, produce parathyroid like hormone and elevate serum calcium

61
Q

large cell undifferentiated carcinoma

A

anywhere in lung, die quickly

62
Q

small/oat cell undifferentiated carcinoma

A

early mets, secrete many homrones, pancoast tumor, rapid death

Boards (12 decks)

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