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*KS NPLEX ll > Pulm l > Flashcards

Pulm l Flashcards

1
Q

FEV1 / FVC
if high, think
if low, think

A

high, restrictive (hard to get air in)

low, obstructive (hard to get air out)

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2
Q

% PPV
if higher think
if lower think

A

normal is obstructive

lower, restrictive

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3
Q

silhouette sign - see with

A

pneumonia

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4
Q

TB primary infx XRAY

secondary infx XRAY

A

primary - upper lobes, pleural effusion, hilar nodes

secondary - small calcifications in LU & nodes, or NORMAL

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5
Q

Non-sedating antihist vs sedating

does not cross BBB vs does

A

non-sedating - allegra (fexofenadine), claritin (loratadine, desloratadine) - H-1 antag
sedating - diphenhydramine (benadryl), chlorpheniramine - H-1 R antag; CI CNS depression, MAO-I

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6
Q

Emergency Bronchodilator

A

Atropine, then EPI

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7
Q 
alpha-1 agonists for nasal congestion
1. oxymetazoline
2. phenylephrine hydrochloride
3. pseudoephedrine 
CI?
A

CI - severe HTN, MAO-I

ADR’s: anaphalyxis, asthma, HA,

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8
Q

Glucocorticoids end in ?
ADR’s
fxn for asthma?

A

-sone, -zone, -onide
ADRS: water retention, CV probs, osteoprosis, peptic ulcers
used in conjunction w bronchodilators for LU
BLOCKS PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 in membrane blocking production of arachondic acid

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9
Q

if atropine is used as an emergency bronchodilator, what Rx use atropine as an anticholinergic bronchodilator?

A

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE
(parasympatholytic)
does not tx acute asthma

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10
Q

types of rescue inhalers

A

epi, ALBUT

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11
Q

what is mometasone?

A

inhaled corticosteroid powder for asthma

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12
Q

what is salmeterol?

A

serevent dikus
B2 agonist
BB warning!!! increase risk of asthma related death
long acting

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13
Q

montelukast pharm

A

leukotriene R antag

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14
Q

dextromethorphan fxn

A

robitussin
central acting
antitussive

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15
Q

how long after chronic cough should you xray?

A

> 8 weeks

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16
Q

viral resp infx
sharp pain worse w deep breath or cough
friction rub “leathery sound

A

pleurisy

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17
Q

pneumonia vs effusion

hear increased or decreased sounds?

A

pneumo decreased

effusion increased

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18
Q

bronchiolitis
xray?
eti?
what to know

A

viral
hyperinflation, peri-bronchial infiltrate
deadly in children and elderly

19
Q

Pneumonia in alcoholics get which kind?

A

klebsiella consildated

20
Q

pneumonia in diabetics get which kind?

A

e coli consolidated

21
Q

atypical pneumonia is seen as what on xray? caused by what?

A

BL DIFFUSE INFILTRATE

mycoplasma, chlamydia, viral

22
Q

Hospital Acq Pneumonia appears how long after admission?

what kind of bug?

A

about 3 days
gram neg is about half of em
strep is MC community acq

23
Q

smelly rusty sputum

A

LU abscess

tx like lobar pneumonia

24
Q

Aspergillosis on xray

A

solitary lesion 3-5mm in diameter

found in dirt

25
Q 
Cryptococcla Pneumonia
Rx
Dx
Xray
complications
A 
yeast 
pigeon poo
MENINGITIS so much R/O 
XRAY - solitary nodule
DX biopsy and culture
Rx amphotericin
26
Q

Histoplasmosis
xray
dx

A

atypical presentation - patchy infiltrates, hilar adenopathy; cavitations, fibrosis
flu-like sxs
sputum culture or biopsy

27
Q

flu-like sxs
hemoptysis
dry cough
mississippi, SE US, africa

A

Blastomycosis pneumonia

28
Q

Valley Fever

xray

A 
coccidioidomycosis  
can be bad! 
* no hemoptysis 
RASH, fever, erythema nodosum 
XRAY - non specific infiltrate hilar adenopathy
29
Q

flu-like, rash, erythema nodosum, no hemoptysis

A

coccidiodomycosis “valley fever”

30
Q

MC secondary to EMPHYSEMA

genetic cause of emphysema

A

reactive polycythemia
alpha 1 anti trypsin xu
normal pCO2

31
Q

if acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, think

A

bacterial so tx w antibiotics

32
Q

Bronchiectasis ETI
WHAT IS IT
xray

A

many things like tumors, foreign body, mucus (CF), external compression
IRREVERS DILATATION OF BRONCHIOLES
SEE HONEYCOMBING, loss of LU vol

33
Q

Cryptogenic organic pneumonia
sxs
what happens
xray

A

rapid
dry cough
inflam, scarring, alveoli
xray - see widespread white patchees

34
Q

Sarcoidosis xray

A

BL hilar adenopathy reticulonodular infiltrate

35
Q

Goodpasture syndrome ssx

A

hemoptysis & hematuria

bc basement membrane of both LU and Kidneys affected

36
Q

Wegeners
ssx
what is it

A

vascular dz
increased ANCA
ssx: freq URI and sinusitis

37
Q

alveoli filled w eosinophilic debris

A

Silicosis

38
Q

ARDS

A

medical emergency very sick

eti many things, chemical inhal

39
Q

Cheyne Stokes

A

CHF and neuro

altered tachypnea and apnea

40
Q

Cough w progressively worsening sputum production, SOB, F, Chills

A

TB

41
Q

Smoker - what kind of LU cancer?

A

small cell lung cancer

42
Q

F, cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, rash

SW United States

A

Coccidiomycosis

43
Q

usu only in immunocomp ppl

otitis externa, runny nose, fever

A

aspergillosis

44
Q

alpha 1 anti trypsin xu

when to check for this?

A

suspected COPD if no smoking hx

*KS NPLEX ll (17 decks)

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