Psychology Studies P2 Flashcards
Wedekind
MHC Tshirt study
49 women and 44 men
each subject typed for MHC
odorless deoderant
7 tshirts ranked
3 tshirts of similar MHC 3 dissimilar one unworn
Formation of personal relationships
double blind format , ethical standards , replicated
Moreland and Beach
field experiment 130 udergrads
4 actors who posed as students
women attented the classes
end of the semester students given survey, women seemed more positive based on attendance
high eco validity , lack of sample variability, general attractieness of actor (confounding)
Ditzen
47 heterosexual couples
Each given either oxytocin or placebo
Made to argue
Measured oxytocin levels via tongue
Oxytocin couples argue less and positively communicated
clear cause and effect , low eco validity , double blind decreased deman characteristics
Markey and Markey
how similar are our partners
questionnaires
undergrads
told to describe ideal partners, then asked to describe themselves
similar descriptions to themselves
social desirability bias , high eco validity , generalised to hetero couples
Dion et al
investigate the halo affect
undergrads told study was to investigate accuracy in perception
given 3 envelopes, 1 that was attractive , 1 average , 1 ugly
asked to rate possible success and personality traits
those who were more attractive were rated to do better everything
eurocentric participants , large sample size increases construct validity , deception is an ethical consideration , low eco validity , reductionisit
Ye et al
test whether culture affects mate selection
dating ads for chinese americants
american profiels focused on personality and hobbies
chineese profiles focused on physical appearances heatlh conditions and financial status.
collectivstic vs individualistic
no participant bias , high internal low external validity , researcher bias
Bradbury and Fincham
attributional patterns , observational study
investigating causal attributions and responsibility attributions , cause and fault
recruited through ads
survey of marital satisfation
questionaire on problems and asked couple to discuss issue
couples that had lower levels of marital satisfaction had more frequent bad patterns of commiunication
correlation over causation , high variability , sampling bias
Collins and Miller
Meta-analysis
self-disclosure (talking about yourself) and liking yourself
results showed disclosure increases the more somoene likes a person
cost benefit model
no cause and effect , generalization , low eco validity , cultural bias
felmlee
fatal attraction
what attracts partner may be reason relationship ends
301 uni students asked about recent relationships
asked to list qualities that attracted , and which caused the breakup
88/301 cases traits cuased the split ,
fun to foolish , strong to domineering, spontaneous to unpredictable
sample bias , one sided , resaerchers bias , undue stress or harm
Kendler
swedish twin study
15000 twins , mono and di
higher depression rates for those that are twins
Genetic Similarity
Caspi
5http gene
new zealend men
survey
having this allele - more MDD
Genetics
Brown and Harris
How depression could be linked to societal factors and stressful life
458 women
daily life and depressive episodes
interviews
37 women had been depressed 33 of those had a bad life event
working class w children 4x more likely to get MDD , Vulnerability factors , social support 3+ children, unemployment w super stress =MDD
individualistic society , cognitive factors , correlation between factors and depression , before human genome project
parker
symptoms of MDD differ between china and auzzie
100 patients 50/50
questionnaire
primary symptom that made them go to hospital
modern research supports it , vulnerability models , cross cultural resaerch is problematic , correlation based
alloy et al
Faulty thinking patters = depression
longitudanel study randomly selected americans
thinking style was tested , low risk high risk (questionairre)
after 6 years those who had positive thinking 1 percent got mdd , negatvie thinking 17 percent. posstive link.
method and data triangulation , post test pre test , natural longitudanel , possibly more complext link , cognitive behavioural therapy linked
Nolen-Hoeksema
rumination and depression
prospective study , sample via random telephone numbers
interviews 2 times in a year , clinical interview and cognitive tests , rumination and coping survey
those who showed signs of MDD in the first interview had high rumination ,
supports beck theory, self reporting and interview reliability , ethical considerations to the lack of possible treatment .
