PSY230 Midterm

Question 1

Longitudinal Studies

Answer 1

one group of people followed over time as they age

Question 2

random assignment

Answer 2

random process to decide which participants are tested

Question 3

conditions

Answer 3

different levels of the independent to which participants are assigned

Question 4

random selection

Answer 4

choosing participants in a way every population as an equal chance

Question 5

reliability

Answer 5

consistency of a measure

Question 6

volatility

Answer 6

instability in emotions behaviors and psychological states

Question 7

internal validity

Answer 7

degree which we can infer a casual relationship

Question 8

variable

Answer 8

quality or quantity that varies across people or situations

Question 9

external validity

Answer 9

degree which we can generalize findings to circumstances or setting

Question 10

construct

Answer 10

variables that represent an individuals mental state or experience

Question 11

cohort data

Answer 11

information from specific group who share common characteristics or experiences

Question 12

inter-rader reliability

Answer 12

extent that observers are consistent in judgment

Question 13

sample

Answer 13

smaller portion of population researcher wants to study

Question 14

quota sampling

Answer 14

form of non-prohibiting sampling in which subgroups in the sample are recruited to be proportional to those subgroups in the population

Question 15

measures of central tendency

Answer 15

mean. median, mode

Question 16

what is the median percentile?

Answer 16

50% of 100

Question 17

abstract

Answer 17

summary of study’s research question, methods, results, conclusions

Question 18

test-retest reliability

Answer 18

measure a construct that they assume to be consistent over time

Question 19

correlation

Answer 19

statistical relationship between two variables

Question 20

variables

Answer 20

characteristics or traits that change among individuals or situations

Question 21

scales of measurement

Answer 21

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Question 22

type 1 error

Answer 22

(false positive) results are statically significant; no real effect in population

Question 23

type 2 error

Answer 23

(false negitive) missed opportunity; not statistically significant

Question 24

specificity

Answer 24

test to accurately identify absence of condition or trait

Question 25

sensitivity

Answer 25

test to correctly identify people with a particular trait or condition

Question 26

independent

Answer 26

variable experimenter manipulates

Question 27

dependent

Answer 27

variable that is measured

Question 28

thomas kuhn

Answer 28

paradigm

Question 29

paradigm

Answer 29

set of scientific discussion and practices

Question 30

scientific world view

Answer 30

help of difficulty to understand

Question 31

process of research

Answer 31

identify topic, background information

Question 32

psychodynamic

Answer 32

how our unconscious mind effects our actions and thoughts

Question 33

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 33

connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 34

nominal

Answer 34

category variables; assigning score that are category labels

Question 35

ordinal

Answer 35

assigning scores that represent rank order

Question 36

interval

Answer 36

assigning scores using number scales which have the same interpretation

Question 37

ratio

Answer 37

true zero; complete absence of the quantity

Question 38

mean

Answer 38

add all then divide by amount

Question 39

median

Answer 39

number order middle one

Question 40

mode

Answer 40

most common number

Question 41

Experiment knowledge-

Answer 41

cause and affect; answer question about internal volatility

Question 42

Authority-

Answer 42

reliable source that help us understand how people think and behave

Question 43

Popper-

Answer 43

falseability

Question 44

Falsability-

Answer 44

ability to be proven wrong makes it scientific

Question 45

Applied research-

Answer 45

primarily to address some practical problem.

Question 46

Hypothesis-

Answer 46

specific prediction/question

Question 47

Spit half reliability-

Answer 47

score from splitting the items into two examining the relationship of e internal consistency

Question 48

Operational-

Answer 48

variable in terms of how it is to be measured

Question 49

Factor analysis-

Answer 49

complex statistical technique; study relationship of large number of similar

Question 50

Scientific knowledge-

Answer 50

understanding of human behavior and mental processes

Question 51

Traditional knowledge-

Answer 51

knowledge passed down through generations

Question 52

Normal science-

Answer 52

systematic routine

Question 53

Cause-

Answer 53

variable that influence a behavor and mental process

Question 54

Correlation-

Answer 54

relationship between variables

Question 55

Annotated bibliography-

Answer 55

list of sources; citation/annotation (summary evaluation reflection)

Question 56

Good literature review-

Answer 56

comprehensive and critical evaluation of existing research on a specific topic

Question 57

internal consistency-

Answer 57

consistency of peoples answers; multiple times

Question 58

Convenience sampling-

Answer 58

non probability sampling; willing or easy available people

Question 59

Matched pairs-

Answer 59

participants matched on the dependant variable

Question 60

Construct-

Answer 60

variables that represent an individual’s mental state or experience

Question 61

Confound-

Answer 61

variable that systematically varies; provides an alternative explanation

Question 62

Face-

Answer 62

a measurement method appears, on superficial examination, to measure the construct of interest.

Question 63

Criterion-

Answer 63

variable that theoretically should be correlated with the construct being measured

Question 64

Construct validity-

Answer 64

research question is clearly operationalized by the study’s methods.