Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards
Give some examples of the functions of proteins (3 marks)
Structural ( like muscles) Hormones ( like insulin) Antibodies Enzymes ( biological catalysts)
What is a protein? ( 3 marks)
A larger biological molecule made up from amino acids. These fold into unique shapes that other molecules can fit into allowing proteins to do their jobs
What is a biological catalyst?
Speeds up a reaction inside a living thing
Are all proteins enzymes?
No, but all enzymes are proteins
What is the active site?
The part of the enzyme which is complimentary to the substrate( ie they fit together)
At what temperature do most human enzymes work at?
37 oC
When an enzyme gets too hot and changes shape, what do we say has happened?
The enzyme has denatured
Is it only temperature which denatures enzymes?
No, extremes of pH can also denature enzymes
True or false All enzymes work best at pH 7
False In the stomach, protease enzymes prefer pH 2 as their optimum condition
Give 2 examples of mechanical digestion
Chewing and stomach churning
Which enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase (carbohydrase)
Glycerol and fatty acids are the product, what is the catalyst?
Lipase enzymes
What is the only type of food digested in the stomach?
Protein
What is bile and where is it made and stored? What does it do? ( 4 marks)
Made in the liver Stored in the gall bladder Neutralises stomach contents Emulsifies fats
What enzymes are in washing powders?
Proteases and lipases
Why don’t washing powders work in very hot water?
The enzymes are denatured
Which enzymes are found in baby foods?
Protease enzymes pre- digest hard to digest proteins
Which enzyme is found in slimming foods and how does it work? (3 marks)
Isomerase Converts glucose to fructose Fructose is sweeter so you need less
Which enzyme digests starch syrup?
Carbohydrase converts starch syrup into sugar syrup
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts
Speed up rate of reaction
Proteins Made of amino acids folded into a specific shape
An enzyme is specific to the substrate
What has happened to this enzyme?
It has been denatured by high temperatures or extremes of pH
Where would we find enzyme X working in the human body?
In the stomach ,as it is the only place which is pH 2
