protein synthesis

Question 1

name the two products of ATP hydrolysis

Answer 1

-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
-phosphate (Pi)

Question 2

what is an allele

Answer 2

different version of the same gene

Question 3

what is a degenerate code

Answer 3

more than one code for one amino acid

Question 4

explain what the term non-overlapping DNA means

Answer 4

a base from one triplet cannot be used in an adjacent triplet.

Question 5

anti codon =
codon=
triplet=

Answer 5

tRNA
mRNA
DNA

Question 6

Describe the effect of DNA helicase and RNA polymerase on transcription and DNA polymerase on semi-conservative replication

Answer 6

DNA helicase: breaks hydrogen bonds so strands seperate

DNA/RNA polymerase: joins all the free DNA/RNA nucleotides together.

Question 7

describe transcription

Answer 7

-DNA helicase breaks h-bonds so strands separate but only one strand acts as a template.
-free RNA nucleotides complimentary base pair with template strand.
-RNA polymerase joins up free RNA nucleotides through condensation reactions forming phosphodiester bonds
-pre-mRNA is spliced to remove introns.

Question 8

describe translation

Answer 8

-mRNA binds to ribosome
-ribosome finds start codon
-idea of two binding sites
-allows tRNA with complimentary anticodons to bind to codon.
-peptide bond forms amino acid using energy from ATP.
-tRNA is released as ribosome moves along to the codon.
-ribosome releases a polypeptide into RER when it reaches the stop codon.