Prostaglandins

Question 1

This is derived from dietary linoleic acids (2 double bonds) or taken from diet and esterified to phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine)
And sites of production?

Answer 1

Arachidonic acid

GIT kidney pancreases and uterus

Question 2

Physiologic functions of Prostaglandins.

Answer 2

Plate. aggre, relaxes bronchial and GI and smooth muscles, inhibit gastric secretion, pain, edema and inflammation

Question 3

Prostaglandin analogs and functions.

Answer 3

PGE1 protects gas. mucosa, 
PGE2- pyrogen elevate PGE2 contraction of uterus
PGF2a- brochoconstriction, utr. cont.
PGI2- dec. plate. aggre
TxA2- inc. plate. aggre

Question 4

Misoprostol structure and pharmacological effects

Answer 4

2-OH and one double bond

dec. HCl secretion and inc. mucus secre. and Bicarbonate used for cytoprotective effect

Question 5

Misoprostol drug indications and combo therapy.

Answer 5

Prevention of NSAID induced GI ulcers, vaginal use for cervical priming before endometrial procedures
Naproxen+Miso and Diclofenac+Miso

Question 6

PGE1 drugs and effects, SEs

Answer 6

Misoprostol and Alprostadil
Bronchial and sm. musc dilatation
Miso SEs: abortifacient, diarrhea and abd pain, uterine contraction = miscarriage

Question 7

Alprostadil drug indications

Answer 7

Impotence, temporary maintenance of a patent ductus arteriosus when awaiting corrective surgery for cong. ♥️ defects

Question 8

Dinoprostone derivatives and ror, indications

Answer 8

PGE2 analogs. Dineprostone abortifacient, induces cervical ripening in pregnancy

Question 9

PGF2a analog drugs and pharmacological effect.

Answer 9

Latanoprost, Travoprost, Carbo, Bimato, Unoprostone- lowers IOP by increasing uvescleral (aqueous humor) outflow
Latano- lowers IOP in OAG, and with Timolol for OAG and closed

Question 10

PGF2a SEs

Answer 10

Eye pigmentation, lengthening and thickening eyelashes

Question 11

This analog has Prostacyclin in its drug chemistry and drug use.

Answer 11

PGI analogs: Epoprostenol used in tx of emergency pulmonary HTN, produces antiplatelet action.

Question 12

They inc. plate. aggre., potent vc

MOA that produces antiplatelet action

Answer 12

Thromboxanes (TxA2)

Dipyridamole blocks TxA2= antiplatelet action

Question 13

These are produced from arac. acid, this reaction this catalyzed by which enzyme?- which oxidizes polyunsat. fatty acids with two cis double bonds separated by methylene grp to produce what?

Answer 13

Leukotrienes- 5-lipoxygenase enzyme

= lipid hydroperoxide

Question 14

Physiologic functions of Leukotrienes.

Answer 14

Slow anaphylaxis, -ve ionotropic and sm musc and neutrophil chemotaxis (GI), Pumlonary: bronchocons. inc permeability and mucus secretion. Blood: Chemotactic agt neu, eosino and modify lymphocyte prolif. and differentiation

Question 15

Has peptidomimetic structure and inhibit LTC4 and LTD4 receptors, drug examples.

Answer 15

Leukotriene antagonists:
Zafirlukast: >12yo take on empty stomach
Montelukast: >2yo w or wo food

Question 16

For Montelukast granules drug intake.

Answer 16

Administer granules directly into mouth or mix with teaspoon of cold or rt applesauce or other food.

Question 17

Leukotriene inhibitors are DOC for what?

Answer 17

Aspirin induced asthma and maintenance

SEs GI upset, abd pain, diarrhea, liver dysfunction and HE

Question 18

CIs and DIs for Montelukast and Zafir

Answer 18

Do not take Aspirin or NSAIDs

DI: Terfenadine significantly reduces plasma conc. of Zafirlukast

Question 19

Monte and Zafir acts on receptors?

Answer 19

LTC4 and LTD4

Question 20

Leukotriene antagonists are also referred to as?

Answer 20

Steroid sparing agents