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Psyc 100A > Prologue > Flashcards

Prologue Flashcards

1
Q

Empirical approach

A

evidence based method that draws on observation and experimentation

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2
Q

three components of the scientific attitude

A

curiosity, skepticism, humility

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3
Q

curiosity

A

passion for exploration, always asking new questions

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4
Q

skepticism

A

doubting and questioning, not accepting a fact as true without challenging it

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5
Q

humility

A

ability to accept responsibility when wrong, seeking the truth rather than trying to be right

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6
Q

critical thinking

A

a more careful style of forming and evaluating knowledge than simply using intuision

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7
Q

aristotle contribution to psychology

A

gave history’s full fully integrated systematic account of psychology

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8
Q

physiology

A

the branch of biology that studies the function and parts of living organisms

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9
Q

hermann von helmholts

A

developed methods to measure the speed of nerve impulses in frogs and then applied this to humans using a stimulus reaction time

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10
Q

wilhelm wundt

A

established first psychology research laboratory
- studied psychological processes

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11
Q

structuralism

A

complex conscious experiences could be broken down into elemental parts of structures
- Titchener
- introspection

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

focuses on how our mental and behavioural processes function to allow people to adapt to their environment
- Darwin and James
- functions of behaviour and mental experiences

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13
Q

Mary Calkins

A

APA’s first female president
worked with james
denied phd

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14
Q

Behaviourism

A

dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behaviour

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15
Q

freudian psychology

A

unconscious mental processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behaviours
- unconscious part of mind that operates outside of conscious awareness
- unconsious conflicts determine behaviour and personality

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16
Q

humanistic psychology

A

positive potential of human beings, emphasis on self-determination, free will, and the importance of choice

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17
Q

cognitive psychology

A

a return to an emphasis on mental processes and how they influence behaviour

18
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

a study of brain activity linked with cognition

19
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

20
Q

positive psychology

A

human flourishing and the methods of building a good and meaningful life
extends beyond oneself

21
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

human alikeness because of common biology and evolutionary history

22
Q

behaviour genetics

A

focuses on differences related to differing genes and environments

23
Q

cross-cultural psychology

A

focuses on how culture shapes behaviour but recognizes that some underlying processes are universal

24
Q

gender psychology

A

focuses on differences based on our gender identity

25
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

an integrated viewpoint that incorporates various levels of analysis and offers a more complete picture of behaviour and mental processes

26
Q

biological influences

A

genetic predispositions/mutations, natural selection, genes responding to environment

27
Q

psychological influences

A

learned fears and expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing

28
Q

social-cultural influences

A

presence of others, cultural/societal/familial expectations, peer and other group influences, compelling models (media)

29
Q

Mamie Phipps Clark

A

researched negative effects of internalized racism and segregation on Black children
- encouraged creation of first Black dolls

30
Q

Lillian Gilbreth

A

kitchen, industrial-organizational psychology
studied how people work more efficiently

31
Q

anna freud and melanie klein

A

founders of psychoanalytic child psychology

32
Q

SQ3R

A

a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, review, retrieve

33
Q

community psychology

A

studies how people interact with their social environment

34
Q

psychiatry

A

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

35
Q

applied research

A

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

36
Q

basic research

A

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

37
Q

behaviour genetics

A

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour

38
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experiences make to the development of psychological traits and behaviours

39
Q

psychiatry

A

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

40
Q
A

Psyc 100A (6 decks)

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