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Professional English Vocabulary > Prof. English Vocab > Flashcards

Prof. English Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

a menu having individual dishes listed with separate prices

A

a la carte

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2
Q

based on hypothesis or theory rather than experiment

A

a priori

“an a priori judgment”

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3
Q

by ordering items listed individually on a menu

A

a la carte

“we ate a la carte”

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4
Q

by surprise

A

aback

“taken aback by the caustic remarks”

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5
Q

Behave in a way that belittles or degrades (someone), lower and humble oneself

A

abase

I watched my colleagues abasing themselves before the board of trustees

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6
Q

derived by logic, without observed facts

A

a priori

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7
Q

forsake; leave behind

A

abandon

“We abandoned the old car in the empty parking lot”

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8
Q

give up with the intent of never claiming again

A

abandon

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9
Q

having the wind against the forward side of the sails

A

aback

“the ship came up into the wind with all yards aback”

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10
Q

having unlimited choices with a separate price for each item

A

a la carte

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11
Q

leave behind empty; move out of

A

abandon

The sites are usually abandoned, leaving the land infertile and the water polluted.

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12
Q

reasoned from a general principle to a necessary effect

A

a priori

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13
Q

sung without instrumental accompaniment

A

a cappella

“they sang an a cappella Mass”

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14
Q

without musical accompaniment

A

a cappella

“they performed a cappella”

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15
Q

cause to be embarrassed

A

abash

I showed them it was sugar and they looked abashed.

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16
Q

become less in amount or intensity

A

abate

Still, the storm shows few signs of abating.

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17
Q

make less active or intense

A

abate

Surgery on the right ear diminished but did not completely abate her symptoms, so she underwent surgery on the left ear.

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18
Q

the act of making less active or intense

A

abatement

The lawsuit is part of the city’s push to expand its nuisance abatement effort, which targets properties that are sources of drugs and gangs.

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19
Q

an interruption in the intensity or amount of something

A

abatement

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20
Q

give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors

A

abdicate

“The King abdicated when he married a divorcee”

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21
Q

take away to an undisclosed location against their will

A

abduct

‘the millionaire who disappeared may have been abducted’

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22
Q

pull away from the body

A

abduct

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23
Q

markedly different from an accepted norm

A

aberrant

This somewhat aberrant behaviour requires an explanation
Indeed, it was aberrant of him to accept the job

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24
Q

one whose behavior departs from the norm of a group

A

aberrant

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25
Q

assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing

A

abet

to abet a crime.

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26
Q

temporary cessation or suspension

A

abeyance

Let’s hold that problem in abeyance for a while.

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27
Q

find repugnant

A

abhor

“She abhors cats”

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28
Q

dwell

A

abide

to abide in a small Scottish village.

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29
Q

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

A

abide

I can’t abide dishonesty!

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30
Q

of the most contemptible kind

A

abject

“abject cowardice”

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31
Q

most unfortunate or miserable

A

abject

“the most abject slaves joined in the revolt”

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32
Q

showing utter resignation or hopelessness

A

abject

“abject surrender”

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33
Q

formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief

A

abjure

In a sober ceremony, the Mexica abjured their old religion and embraced Christianity.

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34
Q

wear away through erosion or vaporization

A

ablate

to ablate a metal surface with intense heat

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35
Q

remove an organ or bodily structure

A

ablate

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36
Q

the ritual washing of a priest’s hands or of sacred vessels

A

ablution

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37
Q

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

A

abode

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38
Q

housing that someone is living in

A

abode

Their house was more like a small castle than a humble abode.

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39
Q

to do away with; put an end to

A

abolish

to abolish slavery.

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40
Q

unequivocally detestable

A

abominable

an abominable crime

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41
Q

exceptionally bad or displeasing

A

abominable

The weather was abominable last week.

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42
Q

having existed from the beginning

A

aboriginal

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43
Q

relating to people inhabiting a region from the beginning

A

aboriginal

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44
Q

an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

A

aboriginal

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45
Q

failing to accomplish an intended result

A

abortive

the rebel officers who led the abortive coup were shot

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46
Q

exist in large quantities

A

abound

a stream in which trout abound.
The region abounds in coal.

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47
Q

alongside each other, facing in the same direction

A

abreast

They walked two abreast down the street.

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48
Q

being up to date in knowledge

A

abreast

to keep abreast of scientific developments; keeping abreast with the times.

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49
Q

lessen, diminish, or curtail; to deprive; cut off

A

abridge

to abridge a visit; to abridge one’s freedom.

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50
Q

reduce in scope while retaining essential elements

A

abridge

to abridge a reference book.

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51
Q

to or in a foreign country

A

abroad

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52
Q

in a place across an ocean

A

abroad

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53
Q

far away from home or one’s usual surroundings

A

abroad

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54
Q

revoke formally, to put aside formally, put an end to

A

abrogate

to abrogate a law.

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55
Q

exceedingly sudden and unexpected

A

abrupt

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56
Q

marked by sudden changes in subject and sharp transitions

A

abrupt

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57
Q

surprisingly and unceremoniously brusque in manner

A

abrupt

You were rather abrupt with that young man.
Many of the e-mails that I receive are written in an extremely rude and abrupt tone.

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58
Q

run away, often taking something or somebody along, especially to avoid capture and legal prosecution

A

abscond

The cashier absconded with the money.

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59
Q

grant remission of a sin to

A

absolve

The first sequence spoke to me of how merciful God is for absolving my transgressions.

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60
Q

excuse or free from blame

A

absolve

The court absolved her of guilt in his death.

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61
Q

choose not to consume

A

abstain

to abstain from eating meat.

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62
Q

refrain from voting

A

abstain

a referendum in which two delegates abstained.

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63
Q

existing only in the mind

A

abstract

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64
Q

not representing or imitating external reality

A

abstract

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65
Q

dealing with a subject without a practical purpose

A

abstract

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66
Q

hard to understand

A

abstruse

Now, this is not an abstruse philosophical distinction that we are seeking to make.
We are talking about design and visual culture here, after all, not abstruse aspects of philosophy.

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67
Q

lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

A

abut

This piece of land abuts on a street.

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68
Q

resembling an abyss in depth; so deep as to be immeasurable

A

abysmal

‘waterfalls that plunge into abysmal depths’

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69
Q

limitless or extremely bad

A

abysmal

But many schools serving the poor are of such abysmal quality that many children drop out of school in frustration.

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70
Q

a bottomless gulf or pit

A

abyss

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71
Q

yield to another’s wish or opinion

A

accede

The authorities did not accede to the strikers’ demand.

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72
Q

agree or express agreement

A

accede

to accede to a request; to accede to the terms of a contract.

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73
Q

take on duties or office

A

accede

Her first official visits came before she acceded to the throne.

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74
Q

stress or single out as important

A

accentuate

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75
Q

put stress on

A

accentuate

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76
Q

the act of attaining a new office or right or position

A

accession

accession to the throne.

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77
Q

the right to enter

A

accession

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78
Q

the right to all of that which your property produces

A

accession

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79
Q

a supplementary component that improves capability

A

accessory

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80
Q

an article worn to complement one’s main clothing

A

accessory

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81
Q

someone who helps another person commit a crime

A

accessory

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82
Q

enthusiastic approval

A

acclaim

acclaim the new king.

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83
Q

praise vociferously

A

acclaim

to acclaim the conquering heroes.

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84
Q

clap one’s hands or shout to indicate approval

A

acclaim

to acclaim the conquering heroes.

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85
Q

get used to a certain environment

A

acclimate

‘He has not yet acclimated to when our days and nights are.’

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86
Q

an upward slope or grade, as in a road

A

acclivity

‘Here and there, towers were perched high up on acclivities which seemed almost inaccessible.’

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87
Q

have room for; hold without crowding

A

accommodate

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88
Q

provide with something desired or needed

A

accommodate

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89
Q

provide a service or favor for someone

A

accommodate

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90
Q

a person who joins with another in carrying out some plan

A

accomplice

‘The chase ended with a crash as the car carrying the gunman and his accomplice left the road.’

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91
Q

concurrence of opinion

A

accord

‘the government and the rebels are in accord on one point’

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92
Q

sympathetic compatibility

A

accord

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93
Q

Approach and address (someone) boldly or aggressively.

A

accost

‘reporters accosted him in the street’
‘he was accosted by a thief, demanding his money or his life’

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94
Q

Clothe or equip in something noticeable or impressive.

A

accouter

‘magnificently accoutred, he was led up to the high altar’

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95
Q

grant credentials to

A

accredit

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96
Q

provide or send with official credentials

A

accredit

to accredit an envoy.

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97
Q

ascribe or attributed to

A

accredit

an invention accredited to Edison, He was accredited with having said it.

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98
Q

grow or become attached by accretion

A

accrete

‘ice that had accreted grotesquely into stalactites’

‘In the last ten years, it has accreted features and has become one of the most sophisticated calendar programs I’ve seen.’

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99
Q

grow by addition

A

accrue

‘Whatever benefits have already accrued to you, you’ll be allowed to keep.’
‘Additional expenses also accrue from the testing of new units needed to complete the transfusion order.’

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100
Q

collect or gather

A

accumulate

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101
Q

sour or bitter in taste

A

acerbic

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102
Q

harsh or corrosive in tone, sharp and forthright

A

acerbic

‘He instantly wished he could take back the acerbic comment.’
‘His question wasn’t acerbic, but quite inquisitive.’

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103
Q

the highest point of something, the highest level or degree attainable

A

acme

‘physics is the acme of scientific knowledge’
‘To achieve these effects is undoubtedly the acme of military skill.’

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104
Q

an assistant to a priest or minister in a liturgical service

A

acolyte

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105
Q

relating to the study of the physical properties of sound

A

acoustic

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106
Q

cause to come to know personally, inform

A

acquaint

‘I am not acquainted with any young lady of that name’
‘I’ll leave you two to get acquainted’

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107
Q

make familiar or conversant with

A

acquaint

‘you need to acquaint yourself with the house style’
‘new staff should be acquainted with fire exit routes’

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108
Q

to agree or express agreement reluctantly but without protest

A

acquiesce

‘The police reluctantly acquiesced to the proposals given no alternatives were offered.’
‘Most ideologues, however, have grown accustomed in recent years to acquiescing in the decisions of the country’s collective leadership.’

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109
Q

pronounce not guilty of criminal charges

A

acquit

‘she was acquitted on all counts’
‘The five officers were acquitted of manslaughter charges on the direction of the trial judge.’

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110
Q

Conduct oneself or perform in a specified way

A

acquit

‘While his performance during the exercise was not especially noteworthy, he acquitted himself satisfactorily overall.’

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111
Q

Unpleasantly bitter or pungent

A

acrid

‘Even twenty yards from the room, she could still smell the acrid green smoke.’
‘There was an acrid smell and smoke was starting to come under the door.’

112
Q

marked by strong resentment or bitterness

A

acrimonious

‘an acrimonious dispute about wages’
‘Questions were raised about cost, in an atmosphere that grew increasingly acrimonious.’

113
Q

a morbid fear of great heights

A

acrophobia

114
Q

put in motion

A

actuate

‘the pendulum actuates an electrical switch’
‘When we actuated the gear lever, only the right main gear went down and locked into position.’

115
Q

Make (someone) act in a particular way; motivate

A

actuate

‘Here I want to clear one thing, that it is not vanity that has actuated me to adopt the doctrines of atheism.’
‘Nevertheless if the claimant proves that the defendant was actuated by malice this defence will fail.’

116
Q

The ability to make good judgements and take quick decisions.

A

acumen

‘she hides a shrewd business acumen’
‘He said pilots would be chosen for their tactical acumen, ability to learn quickly and common sense.’

117
Q

demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

A

acute

‘For a 16 year old, I had an acute awareness of the world outside of my own little high school/town.’

118
Q

to a sickening extent

A

ad nauseam

‘the phrase he repeated ad nauseam’

119
Q

perform without preparation

A

ad-lib

‘The newsreader said ‘We’ll be back for more of what appears to be an ad-lib speech from Mark Oaten’.’

120
Q

remark made spontaneously without prior preparation

A

ad-lib

‘Some remember the ad-lib commentary you could provide just with a house mike during a practice.’

121
Q

A proverb or short statement expressing a general truth.

A

adage

‘the old adage ‘out of sight out of mind’’
‘The old adage that more is not necessarily better is certainly the proverbial case here.’

122
Q

impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason

A

adamant

‘Many of them, I am afraid, are simply adamant in their views and are not interested in the evidence.’

‘The biotech companies remain adamant that they will not foot the bill, and that it is a matter for insurance by farmers.’

123
Q

presnt as evidence for

A

adduce

‘a number of factors are adduced to explain the situation’

‘I do not see what responsibility the Minister of Police has for evidence adduced by Crown counsel during a trial.’

124
Q

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

A

adept

‘Emergency nappy changing is a skill most mothers become quite adept at.’

‘He had grown very adept at using the crutches and now spent less time in bed than ever before.’

125
Q

someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field

A

adept

‘But true adepts would never have been concerned with anything so vulgar as financial gain.’

‘Is one religion more valuable than another, just because its adepts adhere to one school of thought over another?’

126
Q

follow through or carry out a plan without deviation

A

adhere

‘He began reproducing some pieces, adhering as closely as possible to the vivid colors of the originals.’

‘The industry’s strategy is to adhere to the facts and procure accurate information from third party experts.’

127
Q

stick to firmly

A

adhere

‘paint won’t adhere well to a greasy surface’

128
Q

a farewell remark

A

adieu

‘Anyway, it’s very late, I’m very tired and very sick so I shall bid you all adieu!’

‘Before bidding her adieu, I said, ‘Saroja, you are dreaming of Utopia.’’

129
Q

Break off (a meeting, legal case, or game) with the intention of resuming it later

A

adjourn

‘let’s adjourn and reconvene at 2 o’clock’

‘The father-of-two appeared in court last month, but the case was adjourned until yesterday for reports.’

130
Q

hear a case, sit as the judge at the trial or comeptition

A

adjudicate

‘we asked him to adjudicate at the local flower show’

‘Some of the Constitutional Court judges themselves took part in adjudicating the competing entries.’

131
Q

bring to an end; settle conclusively

A

adjudicate

‘the case was adjudicated in the High Court’

‘She said these were the State agencies with the necessary expertise required to adjudicate on these matters.’

132
Q

something added to another thing but not essential to it

A

adjunct

‘computer technology is an adjunct to learning’

For many men, playing the stockmarket is a profitable adjunct to supplement otherwise meagre incomes.

133
Q

a person who is an assistant or subordinate to another

A

adjunct

‘The university might want to give some of these responsibilities to someone else, like an adjunct or a graduate student, for less money.’

‘Of course, line items must be included in the budget to cover adjuncts for parental leaves.’

134
Q

a construction that extends the meaning of a word or phrase

A

adjunct

135
Q

supervise or be in charge of

A

administer

‘Land boards, composed of elected and appointed members, administer the allocation of tribal land.’

‘All student organizations are administered by representatives.’

136
Q

direct the taking of

A

administer

‘paramedic crews are capable of administering drugs’

‘As a retired military officer, Don was able to actually administer the oath of enlistment to his son.’

137
Q

deserving to be admitted

A

admissible

‘The green card is given to foreigners who are admissible.’

‘All academic documents show the student admissible except for language proficiency.’

138
Q

scold or reprimand fiercly

A

admonish

‘she admonished me for appearing at breakfast unshaven’

139
Q

counsel in terms of someone’s behavior, Advise or urge (someone) earnestly.

A

admonish

‘she admonished him to drink no more than one glass of wine’

‘Indeed, the Supreme Court has admonished us to leave such matters to Congress.’

140
Q

quick or skillful or adept in action or thought

A

adroit

‘he was adroit at tax avoidance’

The series was also notable for the wonderfully adroit way it visually mixed the father’s past and present.

141
Q

servile flattery; exaggerated and hypocritical praise

A

adulation

‘he found it difficult to cope with the adulation of the fans’

‘He was not the sort of prince who adored flattery and adulation, public appearances and such.’

142
Q

make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance

A

adulterate

‘the brewer is said to adulterate his beer’

‘22 karat gold was invariably adulterated and actually only 20 or even 18 karat gold.’

143
Q

Represent in outline, Indicate faintly

A

adumbration

‘Like any short introduction, it does not have time to say very much, but what it does say is enough to adumbrate the major ideas to follow.’

144
Q

The arrival of a notable person or thing

A

advent

‘This debate did not begin yesterday or with the advent of New Labour in political office.’

‘The advent of e-mail has made communication a far quicker and more pleasurable experience.’

145
Q

Happening as a result of an external factor or chance rather than design or inherent nature

A

adventitious

‘So far, the connection has been very adventitious.’

‘Light was excluded during this stage to prevent adventitious photodamage.’

146
Q

One’s opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute

A

adversary

‘Davis beat his old adversary in the finals’

‘He was a vigorous adversary to opponents, but he was also a very fair and honest man.’

147
Q

Preventing success or development; harmful; unfavourable

A

adverse

‘adverse weather conditions’

‘There is also the adverse publicity that could dog them for years to come.’

148
Q

A difficult or unpleasant situation, a state of misfortune or affliction

A

adversity

‘resilience in the face of adversity’

‘The next 12 months will be crucial in establishing whether he can cope with adversity.’

149
Q

give advice to

A

advise

150
Q

inform somebody of something

A

advise

151
Q

a person who pleads for a person, cause, or idea

A

advocate

152
Q

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

A

advocate

153
Q

speak, plead, or argue in favor of

A

advocate

154
Q

armor plate that protects the chest

A

aegis

155
Q

The protection, backing, or support of a particular person or organization

A

aegis

‘the negotiations were conducted under the aegis of the UN’

‘We’re seeing a joining of the virus, hacker and spam scenes under the aegis of organised crime.’

156
Q

Acceptable or valid, especially as evidence in a court of law

A

admissible

‘the tape recording was admissible as evidence’

157
Q

Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty, designed to give pleasure through beauty

A

aesthetic

‘There are two traditional views concerning what constitutes aesthetic values.’

‘Quite apart from its aesthetic appeal, the design enhances the acoustics much as a cello itself does.’

158
Q

Friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to

A

affable

‘an affable and agreeable companion’

‘Alex should retain his very affable and amiable nature.’

159
Q

Behaviour, speech, or writing that is pretentious and designed to impress

A

affectation

‘First names are not used, a classic public school affectation.’

‘She smiled and decided to drop her officious speech affectation.’

160
Q

A written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, for use as evidence in court

A

affidavit

‘a former employee swore an affidavit relating to his claim for unfair dismissal’

‘When carrying out the enquiry the Court acts upon affidavits rather than oral evidence.’

161
Q

Officially join or become attached to an organization, dmit as a member

A

affiliate

‘Get your student union or community organisation to affiliate to the union.’

‘the main party agreed to affiliate four Conservative associations’

162
Q

Stick, attach, or fasten (something) to something else.

A

affix

‘My photo is affixed to this document, and has an official stamp from the government.’

‘The patch is actually affixed to the skin and releases a steady stream of hormones.’

163
Q

A cause of pain or harm, The state of being in pain

A

affliction

‘He listens to everyone and removes the pains and afflictions of all.’

‘I never saw such a picture of forlorn affliction and distress of mind.’

164
Q

having a great deal of money; wealthy

A

affluent

‘The Government wants to redistribute wealth from more affluent areas to deprived parts.’

‘The advertisers deny they are specifically targeting gay consumers, one of the most affluent groups.’

165
Q

An action or remark that causes outrage or offence

A

affront

‘We weren’t insulted at such an affront to our easy going, leisurely ways.’

‘Articles of this sort are an affront to those who died.’

166
Q

Offend the modesty or values of

A

affront

‘Joel looked slightly affronted by that question but smiled.’

‘Some were affronted that he brought into daylight memories best burried.’

167
Q

Into conflict or difficulty with

A

afoul

‘Running afoul of the regime, he was forced to seek asylum in a neighbouring country.’

‘I don’t know if that was the problem or if something else went afoul.’

168
Q

The consequences or after-effects of a significant unpleasant event.

A

aftermath

‘food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought’

‘The ultimate concern is to get a country back on to its feet in the aftermath of conflict.’

169
Q

wide open in surprise or wonder

A

agape

‘With my mouth agape I shook her hand, dumbfounded.’

‘At his slightly overwhelmed expression and agape jaw, she snorted bitterly.’

170
Q

A list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting

A

agenda

‘the question of nuclear weapons had been removed from the agenda

‘Our meetings no longer have agendas or redundant handouts, we don’t need them.’

171
Q

A plan of things to be done or problems to be addressed.

A

agenda

‘he vowed to put jobs at the top of his agenda’

‘I find that my own plans and agendas are none of anybody else’s business.’

172
Q

The underlying intentions or motives of a particular person or group

A

agenda

‘Miller has his own agenda and it has nothing to do with football’

‘There is no room for hidden agendas.’

173
Q

Increase the power, status, or wealth of

A

aggrandize

‘The party needs the army to win the war and stabilize and even aggrandize its own power.’

‘She has used that skill to protect her friends and aggrandize herself.’

174
Q

Enhance the reputation of (someone) beyond what is justified by the facts

A

aggrandize

‘he hoped to aggrandize himself by dying a hero’s death’

‘They’d risk aggrandising themselves and diminishing or insulting their subject.’

175
Q

Make (a problem, injury, or offence) worse or more serious.

A

aggravate

‘military action would only aggravate the situation’

‘The negative publicity surrounding OxyContin has aggravated a longstanding problem.’

176
Q

Notice or attention given to someone or something by the media

A

publicity

‘The organisers were embarrassed by the unfavourable media publicity.’

‘Their purpose is to call attention to their agenda and to get free publicity in the news media.’

177
Q

The giving out of information about a product, person, or company for advertising or promotional purposes

A

publicity

‘His department has spent millions on adverting and publicity in just one year.’

‘By this, she means the seemingly endless publicity tour to promote the movie‘

178
Q

A person or country that attacks another first

A

aggressor

‘I would have attacked my aggressors whether they were stronger than me or not.’

‘Plants have developed mechanisms to protect themselves from invading pathogens and aggressors.’

179
Q

Filled with horror or shock

A

aghast

‘Like so many of your correspondents I am aghast and ashamed.’

‘People are truly aghast by what had to have been a pre-mediated attack.’

180
Q

Able to move quickly and easily, Able to think and understand quickly

A

agile

‘Ruth was as agile as a monkey’

‘He is in effect trapped within his body as his mind remains agile.’

181
Q

Of similar character

A

akin

‘something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her’

‘This is an experience that cannot be replicated outside a university or something at least akin to it.’

182
Q

Brisk and cheerful readiness

A

alacrity

‘That is why he will agree to your proposition with alacrity.’

‘They break from defence into attack with alacrity.’

183
Q

A recess in the wall of a room or garden

A

alcove

‘Looking around the room again, he discovered an alcove in the wall next to the table.’

184
Q

A reason given in justification of a course of action that is not the real reason

A

pretext

‘the rebels had the perfect pretext for making their move’

‘Government officials have used concern for real estate value as pretexts for such abuses.’

185
Q

A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a criminal one, is alleged to have taken place

A

alibi

‘she has an alibi for the whole of yesterday evening’

‘The letter was written on the managing editor’s computer, but he has an alibi.’

186
Q

Make (someone) feel isolated or estranged.

A

alienate

‘an urban environment which would alienate its inhabitants’

‘These people were alienated from the society they wished to deliver from exploitation.’

187
Q

Make (someone) become unsympathetic or hostile

A

alienate

‘the association does not wish to alienate its members’

‘The problem with this tactic, however, is that it frustrates and alienates your family and friends.’

188
Q

Relieve or alleviate

A

allay

‘the report attempted to educate the public and allay fears’

‘Our long association has taught me that confiding in others allays pain.’

189
Q

Claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof

A

allege

‘he alleged that he had been assaulted’

‘The alleged bribes were channelled through a number of companies set up for the purpose.’

190
Q

Loyalty or commitment to a superior or to a group or cause

A

allegiance

‘He would be compromised by his party allegiance.’

‘I thought all people must pledge their allegiance, or be categorised accordingly.’

191
Q

Give or apportion (something) to someone

A

allot

‘equal time was allotted to each’

‘Much of the human population there lacks the essentials, so of course homeless dogs and cats are allotted next to nothing.’

192
Q

Divide up and share out

A

apportion

‘voting power will be apportioned according to contribution’

‘But he apportioned a share of the blame to the bank itself.’

193
Q

Suggest or call attention to indirectly; hint at

A

allude (to)

‘she had a way of alluding to Jean but never saying her name’

‘Vampires were a great excuse for Victorian writers to allude to sexuality, which they couldn’t mention in any other way.’

194
Q

Not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant

A

aloof

‘Tessa’s tone was cool and aloof, but Rogers could sense the apprehensive undertone.’

‘We keep our distance, lower our expectations, stay cool, aloof, and separate.’

195
Q

About to happen or appear

A

forthcoming

‘She will perform with Opera Ireland during their forthcoming spring season.’

‘The FBI is currently investigating, and thus far no announcements appear forthcoming.’

196
Q

Willing to divulge information

A

forthcoming

‘I immediately liked the fact that he was open and forthcoming.’

‘Doctors and receptionists should be forthcoming with this information.’

197
Q

A noisy argument or disagreement, especially in public

A

altercation

‘I had an altercation with the ticket collector’

‘He was a gentleman and even when involved in altercations, took the role of mentor rather than an aggressor.’

198
Q

selfless concern for the well-being of others

A

altruism

‘some may choose to work with vulnerable elderly people out of altruism’

‘No one should imagine media corporations are suddenly guided by selfless altruism.’

199
Q

Gather together or accumulate (a large amount or number of material or things) over a period of time

A

amass

‘he amassed a fortune estimated at close to a million pounds’

‘Only organizations had the resources to amass large amounts of consumer information.’

200
Q

Open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning

A

ambiguous

‘The evidence is ambiguous and interpretations have become polarized.’

‘Much of the report contains many ambiguous or misleading statements.’

201
Q

The state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone

A

ambivalence

‘There is deep British ambivalence about openly acknowledging this.’

“Ambivalence and indecision meant that decisions were forced upon them by events on the ground.’

202
Q

Make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better.

A

ameliorate

‘the reform did much to ameliorate living standards’

‘It makes constructive suggestions as to how the laws may ameliorate some of the adverse impacts on young people.’

203
Q

Open and responsive to suggestion; easily persuaded or controlled

A

amenable

‘It was hoped by employers that the new working class would be more amenable than the old.’

‘And, if the law needed to be changed, she believed Justice Minister Michael McDowell was amenable.’

204
Q

Make minor changes to in order to make it fairer or more accurate, or to reflect changing circumstances.

A

amend

‘the rule was amended to apply only to non-members’

‘We seek to amend that document in some minor respects.’

205
Q

A desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place

A

amenity

‘the property is situated in a convenient location, close to all local amenities’

‘Basic amenities including toilet facilities and drinking water would be provided.’

206
Q

Having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner

A

amiable

‘the amiable young man greeted me enthusiastically’

‘Balard had a kind and amiable personality, to which students responded warmly.’

207
Q

Not quite right; inappropriate, wrong or out of place

A

amiss

‘there was something amiss about his calculations’

‘Obviously little would need to go amiss for the financial plan to go awry.’

208
Q

An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offences

A

amnesty

‘The government is to discuss a general amnesty for prisoners convicted of crimes that might be politically motivated’

‘He immediately issued an amnesty for those convicted since October 1968.’

209
Q

Lacking the sense of and unconcerned with the rightness or wrongness of something

A

amoral

‘Who will follow their conscience when it conflicts with the demands of an amoral authority?’

‘An amoral society may have its advantages, but a fertile field for greatness is not one of them.’

210
Q

Reduce or pay off (a debt) with regular payments

A

amortize

‘eighty per cent of the proceeds has been used to amortize the public debt’

‘The following year a sinking fund was established in an effort to amortize the debt.’

211
Q

Behave uncontrollably and disruptively

A

run amok

‘stone-throwing anarchists were running amok’

‘The film’s fiction has nature running amuck as a result of toxic waste, dumped out of corporate greed.’

212
Q

Provide interesting and enjoyable experience for (someone); entertain

A

amuse

‘They amused themselves digging through an old encyclopedia’

‘They claim it will achieve its goals to welcome, accommodate, entertain and amuse visitors.’

213
Q

A comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

A

analogy

‘One might draw an analogy between Johnson’s approach and President Bush’s reliance on faith-based initiatives.’

‘Another illustration that he gives is an analogy between words and pieces in a chess game.’

214
Q

Something or someone that one vehemently dislikes

A

anathema

‘Such open displays of patriotism are anathema to today’s liberal journalists’

‘Being such a private man, this was anathema to him, to be exposed publicly.’

215
Q

Strong hostility

A

animosity

‘he no longer felt any animosity towards her’

‘The visit heralds the restoration of diplomatic ties after decades of political animosity.’

216
Q

Destroy utterly; obliterate

A

annihilate

‘A three-month bombing campaign nearly annihilated the city.’

‘These therapies help to annihilate the root cause of ailments and stimulate a person’s natural healing power.’

217
Q

Add notes to (a text or diagram) giving explanation or comment

A

annotate

‘Brown annotates every deliberate inaccuracy in the book’s notes.’

‘We were annotating our map as we went along, noting the date we passed a place.’

218
Q

Declare invalid (an official agreement, decision, or result)

A

annul

‘the elections were annulled by the general amid renewed protests’

There is provision for parliament to declare a state of emergency and annul the results.

219
Q

Cause (someone) to become hostile

A

antagonize

‘Why go out of the way to offend and antagonize religious people?’

‘She antagonised her civil servants, infuriated her leaders, insulted colleagues.’

220
Q

A deep-seated feeling of aversion.

A

antipathy

‘This affects my entire perception of the city, filling me with disquiet, antipathy and even a certain revulsion.’

‘Davis will begin his second term under clouds of apathy, if not antipathy.’

221
Q

Diametrically opposed to

A

antipodal

‘Since about 80% of the world’s land is antipodal to ocean, this list is necessarily very short.’

222
Q

Old-fashioned or outdated

A

antiquated

‘We see a lot of antiquated regulatory enforcement systems in various parts of the world.’

‘Hard cases make bad law, but antiquated conventions make bad legal practice.’

223
Q

1A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else

A

antithesis

‘That selfish behavior is the antithesis of what ‘good’ Christians are taught.’

‘Fixed identities rooted in the past represent the antithesis of historical thinking.’

224
Q

Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern

A

apathy

‘He also signalled the need for politicians to combat public apathy by re-establishing trust.’

‘This shows apathy on the part of the Government to the problems of the common man.’

225
Q

An opening, hole, or gap

A

aperture

‘the bell ropes passed through apertures in the ceiling’

‘Unfortunately the aperture was just a couple of centimetres too narrow.’

226
Q

Self-confidence or assurance, especially when in a demanding situation

A

aplomb

‘The film is a celebration of marching through all these obstacles with aplomb.’

‘Despite the heartache James must be feeling, he’s still dancing with aplomb.’

227
Q

Giving the worrying impression that something bad is going to happen

A

ominous

‘there were ominous dark clouds gathering overhead’

‘His dark, ominous eyes bore testament to the fact that he was dangerous.’

228
Q

Greatly dismay or horrify

A

appall

‘bankers are appalled at the economic incompetence of some ministers’

‘Residents in Victoria Street were today appalled that such a crime occurred on their doorsteps.’

229
Q

Pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands

A

appease

‘amendments have been added to appease local pressure groups’

‘The only thing that it can do now to appease the people would be to resign.’

230
Q

Anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen

A

apprehensive

‘he felt apprehensive about going home’

‘Her arms are crossed and her face apprehensive, but she claims she’s not nervous.’

231
Q

Inform or tell (someone)

A

apprise

‘I thought it right to apprise Chris of what had happened’

‘When requested by a student, family members were apprised of the difficulties faced by the student.’

232
Q

Appropriate or suitable in the circumstances

A

apt

‘I spoke to two senior players last night and it is apt to say that they are confused.’

‘Not completely traditional, it was an apt end to a fine conference.’

233
Q

A natural ability to do something

A

aptitude

‘He has leadership ability and the aptitude to learn from mistakes.’

‘A similar argument could be made for selecting children with an aptitude for music.’

234
Q

A person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter

A

arbiter

‘the Secretary of State is the final arbiter’

‘Courts are to be arbiters of disputes, not policymakers.’

235
Q

Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.

A

arbitrary

‘Why couldn’t people see that tradition, while rather arbitrary, was the only fair way to do things?’

‘I prefer to have my laws built on reason rather than arbitrary morality.’

236
Q

Understood by few; mysterious or secret

A

arcane

‘Einstein proceeds to describe with arcane mathematics and symbols his theory of relativity.’

‘But in the arcane world of Commonwealth Games eligibility, nothing is simple.’

237
Q

Very old or old-fashioned

A

archaic

‘prisons are run on archaic methods’

‘Most of the diseases she did not know, and she began to lose hope since most of the writing was ancient and archaic.’

238
Q

A very typical example of a certain person or thing

A

archetype

‘he was the archetype of the old-style football club chairman’

‘They’re also examples of two completely different archetypes of the baseball character.’

239
Q

An original which has been imitated; a prototype

A

archetype

‘an instrument which was the archetype of the early flute’

‘An instant classic of its kind, it was the lively and original archetype for fantasy across the board.’

240
Q

Very enthusiastic or passionate

A

ardent

‘Tom was expected to poll well but the size of his vote took even his most ardent supporters by surprise.’

‘Among Southeast Asian countries, Singapore has been an ardent supporter of free trade.’

241
Q

Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring

A

arduous

‘Before becoming a Mass server one had to learn the Latin responses and this was a long and arduous task.’

‘This is a long and arduous task, one that the authorities admit has had only very limited success to date.’

242
Q

too dry or barren to support vegetation

A

arid

‘The inhabitants are dependent on crop farming which is difficult in the arid land.’

‘The arid land of this autonomous republic supports only a nomadic lifestyle.’

243
Q

An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce

A

armistice

‘The battle for civilisation is not going to end with an armistice or some form of negotiated settlement.’

‘News of the armistice had reached the troops but the actual order to cease fire was still on the way to the front.’

244
Q

Call or bring (someone) before a court to answer a criminal charge

A

arraign

‘her sister was arraigned on charges of attempted murder’

‘He was arraigned earlier and the trial judge would not accept his plea of guilty.’

245
Q

An ordered series or arrangement

A

array

‘several arrays of solar panels will help provide power’

‘The multi-function, dual-face active array radar provides targeting data for the missile system.’

246
Q

Behind with paying money that is owed

A

in arrears

‘A number of property owners are in arrears with payment of rates and taxes.’

‘The wife has complained that at various times the husband’s spousal support payments fell in arrears.’

247
Q

Take or claim (something) without justification

A

arrogate

‘A monarch would attempt to arrogate power to himself, as do all the current Middle Eastern kings.’

‘It is doubtful that the US can successfully arrogate this privilege only to itself.’

248
Q

A collection of weapons and military equipment

A

arsenal

‘Russia does possess an arsenal of nuclear weapons that it inherited from the Soviet era.’

‘The 1968 treaty did nothing to reduce the arsenals of existing nuclear weapons powers.’

249
Q

Having or showing skill in achieving one’s ends by deceit or evasion

A

cunning

‘Observations suggest they try a cunning psychological ploy to prevent their partner fleeing the nest.’

‘He raised £10 million in less than a month, thanks to a particularly cunning manoeuvre.’

250
Q

Having or showing the ability to speak fluently and coherently

A

articulate

‘He was a coherent, intelligent and articulate man but one with a tendency to ramble on.’

‘He is articulate, charismatic and persuasive.’

251
Q

Having a position of dominant power or influence

A

ascendancy

‘Suburban car culture is gaining ascendancy in Toronto, as can be seen on every corner.’

‘Following his downfall, the conservatives in economic and religious positions are in the ascendancy.’

252
Q

Find (something) out for certain; make sure of

A

ascertain

‘A fire investigation team will try to ascertain the exact cause.’

‘There’s an awkward pause as we try to ascertain the seriousness of the situation.’

253
Q

Characterized by severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence

A

ascetic

Sufism emphasises the more mystical and ascetic aspects of the religion.

Buddhism requires ascetic behaviour, including fasting, by its monks, but not from other followers.

254
Q

Regard something as being due to (a cause)

A

ascribe

‘he ascribed Jane’s short temper to her upset stomach’

‘He ascribed the poor results to poverty and the lack of resources at most schools.’

255
Q

very pale with shock, fear, or illness

A

ashen

‘As soon as I reached my work place I saw ashen faces and tears in the eyes of my colleagues.’

‘His face was ashen by this point, and he could barely hear his own voice.’

256
Q

Extremely stupid or foolish

A

asinine

‘Lydia ignored his asinine remark’

‘Now, allow me to explain why the preceding statements are so utterly asinine.’

257
Q

With an attitude or look of suspicion or disapproval

A

askance /əˈskans/

‘Canadians might look askance at this, given their attitude towards many things American.’

‘Many people look askance at pension companies and pension salespeople.’

258
Q

Not in a straight or level position

A

Askew

‘His thick eyeglasses were slightly askew, but otherwise he was impeccable.

‘The posts would be different sizes of papers laid out, slightly askew, all over the table.’

259
Q

An attack on the reputation or integrity of someone or something

A

aspersion

It was outrageous that his integrity had been questioned and aspersions cast on his character.

I said candidly that I could hardly cast aspersions on his choices.

260
Q

Having ambitions to achieve something, typically to follow a particular career

A

aspirant

The warm-ups were an education for me both as an aspirant conductor, and as a researcher.

The Department clearly recognised and accepted the difficulties that aspirant university colleges would face.

261
Q

A hope or ambition of achieving something

A

aspiration

‘Until reality can catch up with aspirations, this emotional deprivation will continue.’

‘The team was well prepared and focussed and had genuine aspirations of bring home the cup.’

262
Q

come upon (someone) suddenly and strongly

A

assail

‘As I visited the old houseI was assailed by familiar feelings of disgust.’

‘Terrors assailed him, tumbling over one another.’

263
Q

The expression of approval or agreement

A

assent

‘There were murmurs of assent before the messenger replied.’

‘He stared at me for a moment and then finally nodded in assent.’

264
Q

State confidently and forcefully

A

assert

‘the company asserts that the cuts will not affect development’

‘He confidently asserts that the tapes are not faked.

265
Q

Cause others to recognize one’s authority or a right

A

assert

‘I hope they realize that asserting authority doesn’t necessarily make us any safer.’

‘Women are rightfully asserting themselves in the labor movement.’

266
Q

Assess the value or quality of

A

appraise

‘The bids schemes are appraised to see if they are achieving their targets.’

The problem of how to appraise the quality of qualitative studies remains.’

267
Q

Showing great care and perseverance

A

assiduous

‘The manager has the right to expect that his workers will be careful and assiduous.’

‘Great advances were achieved simply by the work of an assiduous and committed group of women on a massive scale.’

268
Q

Take in and understand fully (information or ideas)

A

assimilate

‘Marie tried to assimilate the week’s events’

‘A motion to adjourn and reconvene in six days so that directors could assimilate the new information

269
Q

Absorb and integrate (people, ideas, or culture) into a wider society or culture.

A

assimilate

‘pop trends are assimilated into the mainstream with alarming speed’

‘Even the worst decisions are eventually assimilated into the culture of commerce.’

270
Q

Make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense

A

assuage

‘the letter assuaged the fears of most members’

‘It helps exonerate us, assuages our panic and provides a focus for our disdain and hate.’

271
Q

Relating to or resembling the stars

A

astral

‘The two men had cited example after example of marriages full of astral promise turning disastrous.’

‘The clear African sky at night, with its infinite astral array

272
Q

Sharp or severe in manner or style

A

astringent

‘His less astringent manner could help him forge the strategic relationships his father couldn’t.’

‘They wanted us to talk about our problems,’ His voice was astringent with sarcasm and cynicism.’

273
Q

Having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one’s advantage.

A

astute

‘Unlike some sportsmen, he has been astute enough to invest in a financial future during his playing days.’

‘In the last general election no one, not even the most astute of pundits, foresaw his demise.’

274
Q

Relating to or characterized by reversion to something ancient or ancestral

A

atavistic

‘Religion is pictured as old-fashioned, atavistic and dogmatic, defending superstition.’

‘One minor agony of growing up in Northern Ireland is the atavistic tugging of ethnic loyalty.’

275
Q

Make amends or reparation

A

atone

‘Is it possible for that family to make amends and atone for its ill-gotten gains?’

‘I realized that the decency of one man atones for the indecency of millions.’

Professional English Vocabulary (1 decks)

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