Principle Types of RNA

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

Messenger RNA
Code for Proteins
Only mRNA’s are translated

Question 2

rRNA

Answer 2

Ribosomal RNA
Form basic structure of ribosome
Catalyze protein synthesis

Question 3

tRNA

Answer 3

Transfer RNA
Central to protein syntheis
Adaptor between mRNA and amino acids

Question 4

Telomerase RNA

Answer 4

Template for telomerase enzyme that extends ends of chromosomes

Question 5

snRNA

Answer 5

Small nuclear RNA
Variety of nuclear processes, including splicing of pre-mRNA

Question 6

snoRNA

Answer 6

Small nuclear RNA
Help to process and chemically modify rRNA

Question 7

lncRNA

Answer 7

Long noncoding RNA
Not all appear to have a function
Some serve as scaffolds, regulate cell processes
X-chromosome inactivation

Question 8

miRNA

Answer 8

MicroRNA
Regulate gene expression by blocking the translation of specific mRNA and causing their degredation

Question 9

siRNA

Answer 9

Small interfering RNAs
Turn off gene expression by directing the degredation of selective mRNA
Help to establish repressive chromatin structure

Question 10

piRNA

Answer 10

Piwi-interacting RNA
Binf to piwi proteins and protect the germ line from transposable elements