PREMATUREZ Flashcards
El trabajo de parto prematuro es…
El trabajo de parto que empieza antes de las 37 semanas (259 días) de gestación.
Consecuencias de prematurez son mayores en cuanto mas joven es el feto. Las cuales son…
Respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, neurologic impairment, and seizures.
Morbilidades a largo plazo.
Displasia broncopulmonar y anormalidades del desarrollo, como la parálisis cerebral.
The 11% to 12% of babies born prematurely account for …1… of all perinatal mortality and….2….of long-term neurologic impairment in children in the United States.
- 75%.
2. 50%.
Tipos de nacimiento prematuro.
- Indicado (20 a 30%).
- Espontaneo:
* 40 a 50% con membranas intactas.
* 25 a 40% por ruptura prematura de membranas.
El trabajo de parto prematuro se define como…
Preterm labor is defined as the presence of regular uterine contractions that occur before 37 weeks of gestation and are associated with cervical changes.
Las 4 principales causas del trabajo de parto prematuro.
- Activacion del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal materno o fetal, asociado a estrés.
- Inflamacion decidual-corioamniotica o sistémica asociada a infección.
- Hemorragfia decidual.
- Distension uterina patológica.
Factor de riesgo principal para el TPP.
Gestación múltiple.
*También ser negra y la vaginosis bacteriana. Subclinical intra-amniotic infection has also been associated with preterm labor and preterm PROM, especially when it occurs at earlier gestational ages. Ver pág. 218 Beckmann.
VERDADERO O FALSO: El antecedente de TPP aumenta el riesgo de prematurez con cada embarazo.
VERDADERO.
VERDADERO O FALSO: los tocolíticos se administran para hacer que el embarazo llegue a termino.
FALSO: los tocolíticos se administran para retrasar el parto 48 hs., para permitir que se administre y hagan efecto los corticoides.
Signos y síntomas que indican TPP.
- Menstrual-like cramps.
- Low, dull backache.
- Abdominal pressure.
- Pelvic pressure.
- Abdominal cramping (with or without diarrhea).
- Increase or change in vaginal discharge (mucous, watery, light bloody discharge).
- Uterine contractions, often painless.
Examen complementario para evaluar el TPP.
Aumento de fibronectina fetal (fFN) en la secreción vaginal. Se usa entre las semanas 22 y 34.
*The greatest benefit of fFN appears to be its negative predictive value: if fFN is absent (negative) in cervicovaginal secretions, the likelihood of delivery in the next 7 days is very low.
VERDADERO O FALSO: Cervical length can also be used as a diagnostic factor.
VERDADERO.
As cervical length decreases in midpregnancy, the risk for preterm birth has been shown to increase in a continuous fashion. Transvaginal ultrasound examination of the cervix is a reliable and reproducible method to assess cervical length.
Transvaginal ultrasound examination of the cervix is a reliable and reproducible method to assess cervical length (debería ser mayor de 2.5 cm).
Definición de cervical insufficiency.
Early asymptomatic dilation and effacement of the cervix, may be associated with an increased likelihood of preterm labor and delivery.
VERDADERO O FALSO: Existe una manera efectiva, universal y probada de prevenir el TPP.
FALSO.
*There are currently no uniformly effective interventions to prevent preterm labor, regardless of risk factors. Prophylactic therapy-including tocolytic drugs, bed rest, hydration, and sedation in asymptomatic women at high risk for preterm labor-has not been shown to be effective.