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Prehistory and Ancient World Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the “Big Bang”?

A

The Big bang is when the universe was created.

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2
Q

When was pangea?

A

225 million years ago!

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3
Q

When was the classical period?

A

600 BCE - 600 CE

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4
Q

When was the Post-Classical period?

A

600 - 1450 CE

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5
Q

When was the Early Modern period?

A

1450 - 1750 CE

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6
Q

What do archeologists study?

A

human remains, what humans left behind

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7
Q

What do anthropologists study?

A

Human culture and behavior.

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8
Q

What do paleontologists study?

A

Fossils

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9
Q

What type of historians are the Leakey’s?

A

paleontologists

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10
Q

What/who was Lucy, found by the Leakey’s?

A

The oldest skeleton ever found.

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11
Q

Where was the origin of early man?

A

East Africa

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12
Q

What type of people were the early men?

A

Nomadic hunter gatherers.

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13
Q

When was the Neolithic revolution and what is it’s other name? What happpened?

A

8,000 BCE, Agricultural revolution, farming developed

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14
Q

What is slash and burn?

A

a method of burning plants to clear land for farming.

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15
Q

What does Sedentary mean?

A

staying still; not moving

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16
Q

What does animistic mean?

A

The worship of a variety of nature.

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17
Q

What are the three negatives to the neolithic revolution?

A

B/c people live in cities; there is more epidemic disease, damage to local environment, and conflicts in between nomadic herders and farmers

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18
Q

Where is Catal Huyuk and what did they find there?

A

Catal Huyak is in Turkey. They found a map of the city in it!

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19
Q

What is in Lascaux, France?

A

There are paintings in caves by hunter gatherers.

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20
Q

What are pastoral nomads?

A

wandering shepherds that cared for sheep, goats, and/or camels

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21
Q

Where and when was agriculture born?

A

in the foothills of the Zagros mountains in Northeastern Iraq. the historian briadwood decided it was built about 9,000 years ago

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22
Q

Where are the 4 places they think agriculture developed?

A

Africa
China
Mexico and Central America
Peru

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23
Q

As civilizations started developing, what tools did farmers invent?

A

hoes
sickles
plow sticks

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24
Q

What was developed to help water the plants?

A

irrigation system

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25
Q

What did people worship during the new stone age?

A

many gods with power over natural forces

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26
Q

Where did one of the first civilizations arise?

A

Sumer in Mesopotamia

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27
Q

What are the five characteristics of civilization?

A 
Complex institutions
Specialized Workers
Record Keeping
Advanced Cities
Advanced Technology
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28
Q

What is the first Sumerian form of writing?

A

Cuneiform

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29
Q

When and where did the bronze age begin?

A

3000 B.C.E. in Sumer

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30
Q

What was the process of pangea dividing?

A

Continental Drift

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31
Q

Civilization

A

complex social organizations that have a shared way of looking at the world

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32
Q

How is shared ideas of the world seen?

A

culture, myths, religions

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33
Q

What does fecund mean?

A

Fertile

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34
Q

Where did the first agricultural villages form and why?

A

They formed in fertile river valleys b/c they are fertile and are flat

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35
Q

When did cities come about?

A

5,000 BCE

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36
Q

What were the six places that agriculture started?

A
  1. Mesopotamia
  2. Egypt
  3. India/Pakistan
  4. China
  5. Mesoamerica
  6. Andes Mountains
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37
Q

Place: Mesopotamia

River(s)/place and crop(s)

A

Rivers: Tigris and Euphrates River
Crop: Wheat

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38
Q

Place: Egypt

Rivers/place and crop(s)

A

River: Nile (runs north)
Crops: Wheat and Barley

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39
Q

Place: China

Rivers/place and crop(s)

A 
River: Huang He (Yellow River) 
Crop: Millet

River: Yangtze
Crop: Rice
~~~

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40
Q

Place: India/Pakistan

Rivers/place and crop(s)

A

River: Indus River (Valley)
Crops: Wheat, Barley, Rice

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41
Q

Mesoamerica

A

Place: Mexico and Central America
Crops: Corn, beans, squash

42
Q

Place: Andes Mountains

Rivers/place and crop(s)

A

Place: Peru
Crops: tomatoes and potatoes

43
Q

Where is the Norte Chico civilization?

A

In the Andes mountains.

  • small civilization 25 cities
  • Caral is major city
  • products are fish from coast and plants from mountains
  • has maize from central america
  • culture passed on after demise
44
Q

What does placated mean?

A

pacify, or soothe

45
Q

What does Infallible mean?

A

unable to be wrong

46
Q

What does complacent mean?

A

self satisfied, happy

47
Q

What does Apex, Acme, or Zenith mean?

A

the highest point

48
Q

What does indigenous mean?

A

native people

49
Q

What is a pariahs?

A

someone who is excluded or unwanted

50
Q

What is a pariahs?

A

someone who is excluded or unwanted

51
Q

What is the first civilization in Mesopotamia called, what are some city states within it? Date of first civilization?

A

Sumer; Ur, Uruk; ~3200 BCE

52
Q

What are the two rivers in Mesopotamia?

A

Tigris and Euphrates

53
Q

What is the climate in Mesopotamia?

A

hot and arid

54
Q

Are there any natural barriers in Mesopotamia, what does this amount to?

A

no, lots of cultural diffusion b/c of attacks;d

55
Q

What are some of the geographical inventions of Mesopotamia?

A

dams, dikes, irrigation, reserviors, large walls

56
Q

What are the Accomplisments of Mesopotamia ~ 3000? (hint: there are 5)

A
  1. Wheel
  2. Ziggurats
  3. 1st writing (cuneiform)
  4. 12 mo. calender
  5. geometry used
57
Q

What is the religion in Mesopotamia?

A

Polytheistic
ruled nature and mankind
gods had to be placated by priests and offerings
no mortality

58
Q

What is the “bible” of Mesopotamia? year(s)? What is a similar story to the bible?

A

The Epic of Gilamesh; ~ 2000, noah’s ark

59
Q

When did Sargon the Great Conquer?

A

2300 BCE

60
Q

What civilization was Sargon the Great from?

A

Akkadian Empire

61
Q

What kind of government did the Akkadian Empire have?

A

Monarcy, a few theorocracies

62
Q

What empire had the fist law code? (put 1 first time, mix it in)

A

The Akkadian empire

63
Q

Who conquered the Akkadians? Where did they rule from?

A

Amorites; Babylon

64
Q

Who was the famous Amorite/ Babylonian ruler? What did he create? What where his dates?

A

Hammurab; i r. 1792 - 1750 BCE; lawcode

65
Q

What was the social structure in Mesopotamia? (more of a diamond)

A
  1. Priest sand landlords
  2. Freemen with some political rights
  3. Slaves (victims of war or debt)
66
Q

What was introduced during a marriage (for girls) in Mesopotamia?

A

a dowry

67
Q

What did most jobs in Mesopotamia have to do with?

A

Agriculture

68
Q

What did Mesopotamia trade for (give away)?

A

Wheat
Barley
Cloth
Tools

69
Q

What did Mesopotamia trade to get (get)?

A

wood
stone
metals

70
Q

Who were some great civilizations for Mesopotamia to trade with?

A

Indus valley and Egypt

71
Q

What are the dates for the Egypt?

A

3100 BCE to 1100 BCE

72
Q

Where does the Egyptian civilization take place? What is so special about this place?

A

Valley of the Nile river; it was guarded by the deserts; isolated

73
Q

What was Egypt’s main crop?

A

wheat and barley

74
Q

What did the Egyptian build to control the waters?

A

Reservoirs and irrigation systems to further control the waters

75
Q

What did Egypt have more of: villages or cities?

A

Villages

76
Q

What was the main job for Egyptians?

A

farmers

77
Q

Where did the wealthy live?

A

cities: Thebes & Memphis

78
Q

When was Egypt unified?

A

310 BCE

79
Q

When did Egypt fall into decline? (Ask Dr. Jack: Was this the new or old kingdom?)

A

1100 BCE

80
Q

When was the Persian conquest to Egypt?

A

525 BCE

81
Q

What did Akhenaton believe in?When did he rule? What god?

A

monotheism; 1300 BCE; Aton, the sun god

82
Q

When were the Egyptian pyramids built?

A

~2500 BCE

83
Q

When was the Rosetta Stone discovered?

A

1790

84
Q

What did the Egyptians trade for? (get)

A

wood, ivory, and gold, spices

85
Q

Who controlled the Egyptian trade?

A

The government

86
Q

Where where the Himalayas in contrast to India?

A

North and East

87
Q

Where are the Hindu Kush mountains in contrast to India?

A

Northwest

88
Q

How do you get into India?

A

Khyber Pass

89
Q

What are the two important rivers?

A

Indus and Ganges

90
Q

Why is the Ganges river important to the Indians?

A

Their ashes are thrown into the river when they die to make the transition of their soul to the next world easier

91
Q

What is the Deccan Plateau? How much of India does it account to? What different types of enviroments are there?

A

The Deccan plateau accounts for 2/3 of India, specifically the lower 2/3. It has a variety of harsh environments. During Monsoons it is either pounding rain or as dry as can be! There are desserts and thick forests but no good farming land.

92
Q

What are the dates for Indus Valley Civ?

A

2500 - 1500 BCE

93
Q

What are the people of the Indus Valley Civ. called?

A

Dravidian Poeple

94
Q

What did the Indus Valley Civ. produce?

A

gold, silver, jewels, colorful cotton cloth

95
Q

What are the two big cities of the Indus Valley Civ.? How were the cities planned? And what did they have that were special

A

Mohenjo- Daro and Harappa

The cities where planned in a grid system and had plumbing and sewage systems.

96
Q

Why did the Indus Valley Civ. collapse?When? Who invaded after the ….?

A

Earthquake in 1500 BCE; Aryans then invaded

97
Q

What did the Aryans bring to the Indus Valley Civ.?

A

horses, iron, and the new language: Sanskrit

98
Q

What two cultures did Hinduism form out of?

A

Aryan and Dravidian cultures

99
Q

Who formed the cast system and why?

A

The Aryans put together the Caste System because they thought that they were supperior, the system later started reflect the people’s jobs

100
Q

What is loess?

A

The Silt from china, yellow

101
Q

What does obeisance mean?

A

literally: to bow down

total loyalty to the state

History (3 decks)

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