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Prehistory and Ancient World Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “Big Bang”?

A

The Big bang is when the universe was created.

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2
Q

When was pangea?

A

225 million years ago!

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3
Q

When was the classical period?

A

600 BCE - 600 CE

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4
Q

When was the Post-Classical period?

A

600 - 1450 CE

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5
Q

When was the Early Modern period?

A

1450 - 1750 CE

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6
Q

What do archeologists study?

A

human remains, what humans left behind

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7
Q

What do anthropologists study?

A

Human culture and behavior.

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8
Q

What do paleontologists study?

A

Fossils

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9
Q

What type of historians are the Leakey’s?

A

paleontologists

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10
Q

What/who was Lucy, found by the Leakey’s?

A

The oldest skeleton ever found.

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11
Q

Where was the origin of early man?

A

East Africa

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12
Q

What type of people were the early men?

A

Nomadic hunter gatherers.

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13
Q

When was the Neolithic revolution and what is it’s other name? What happpened?

A

8,000 BCE, Agricultural revolution, farming developed

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14
Q

What is slash and burn?

A

a method of burning plants to clear land for farming.

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15
Q

What does Sedentary mean?

A

staying still; not moving

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16
Q

What does animistic mean?

A

The worship of a variety of nature.

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17
Q

What are the three negatives to the neolithic revolution?

A

B/c people live in cities; there is more epidemic disease, damage to local environment, and conflicts in between nomadic herders and farmers

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18
Q

Where is Catal Huyuk and what did they find there?

A

Catal Huyak is in Turkey. They found a map of the city in it!

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19
Q

What is in Lascaux, France?

A

There are paintings in caves by hunter gatherers.

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20
Q

What are pastoral nomads?

A

wandering shepherds that cared for sheep, goats, and/or camels

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21
Q

Where and when was agriculture born?

A

in the foothills of the Zagros mountains in Northeastern Iraq. the historian briadwood decided it was built about 9,000 years ago

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22
Q

Where are the 4 places they think agriculture developed?

A

Africa
China
Mexico and Central America
Peru

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23
Q

As civilizations started developing, what tools did farmers invent?

A

hoes
sickles
plow sticks

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24
Q

What was developed to help water the plants?

A

irrigation system

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25
What did people worship during the new stone age?
many gods with power over natural forces
26
Where did one of the first civilizations arise?
Sumer in Mesopotamia
27
What are the five characteristics of civilization?
``` Complex institutions Specialized Workers Record Keeping Advanced Cities Advanced Technology ```
28
What is the first Sumerian form of writing?
Cuneiform
29
When and where did the bronze age begin?
3000 B.C.E. in Sumer
30
What was the process of pangea dividing?
Continental Drift
31
Civilization
complex social organizations that have a shared way of looking at the world
32
How is shared ideas of the world seen?
culture, myths, religions
33
What does fecund mean?
Fertile
34
Where did the first agricultural villages form and why?
They formed in fertile river valleys b/c they are fertile and are flat
35
When did cities come about?
5,000 BCE
36
What were the six places that agriculture started?
1. Mesopotamia 2. Egypt 3. India/Pakistan 4. China 5. Mesoamerica 6. Andes Mountains
37
Place: Mesopotamia | River(s)/place and crop(s)
Rivers: Tigris and Euphrates River Crop: Wheat
38
Place: Egypt | Rivers/place and crop(s)
River: Nile (runs north) Crops: Wheat and Barley
39
Place: China | Rivers/place and crop(s)
``` River: Huang He (Yellow River) Crop: Millet ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ River: Yangtze Crop: Rice ```
40
Place: India/Pakistan | Rivers/place and crop(s)
River: Indus River (Valley) Crops: Wheat, Barley, Rice
41
Mesoamerica
Place: Mexico and Central America Crops: Corn, beans, squash
42
Place: Andes Mountains | Rivers/place and crop(s)
Place: Peru Crops: tomatoes and potatoes
43
Where is the Norte Chico civilization?
In the Andes mountains. - small civilization 25 cities - Caral is major city - products are fish from coast and plants from mountains - has maize from central america - culture passed on after demise
44
What does placated mean?
pacify, or soothe
45
What does Infallible mean?
unable to be wrong
46
What does complacent mean?
self satisfied, happy
47
What does Apex, Acme, or Zenith mean?
the highest point
48
What does indigenous mean?
native people
49
What is a pariahs?
someone who is excluded or unwanted
50
What is a pariahs?
someone who is excluded or unwanted
51
What is the first civilization in Mesopotamia called, what are some city states within it? Date of first civilization?
Sumer; Ur, Uruk; ~3200 BCE
52
What are the two rivers in Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
53
What is the climate in Mesopotamia?
hot and arid
54
Are there any natural barriers in Mesopotamia, what does this amount to?
no, lots of cultural diffusion b/c of attacks;d
55
What are some of the geographical inventions of Mesopotamia?
dams, dikes, irrigation, reserviors, large walls
56
What are the Accomplisments of Mesopotamia ~ 3000? (hint: there are 5)
1. Wheel 2. Ziggurats 3. 1st writing (cuneiform) 4. 12 mo. calender 5. geometry used
57
What is the religion in Mesopotamia?
Polytheistic ruled nature and mankind gods had to be placated by priests and offerings no mortality
58
What is the "bible" of Mesopotamia? year(s)? What is a similar story to the bible?
The Epic of Gilamesh; ~ 2000, noah's ark
59
When did Sargon the Great Conquer?
2300 BCE
60
What civilization was Sargon the Great from?
Akkadian Empire
61
What kind of government did the Akkadian Empire have?
Monarcy, a few theorocracies
62
What empire had the fist law code? (put 1 first time, mix it in)
The Akkadian empire
63
Who conquered the Akkadians? Where did they rule from?
Amorites; Babylon
64
Who was the famous Amorite/ Babylonian ruler? What did he create? What where his dates?
Hammurab; i r. 1792 - 1750 BCE; lawcode
65
What was the social structure in Mesopotamia? (more of a diamond)
1. Priest sand landlords 2. Freemen with some political rights 3. Slaves (victims of war or debt)
66
What was introduced during a marriage (for girls) in Mesopotamia?
a dowry
67
What did most jobs in Mesopotamia have to do with?
Agriculture
68
What did Mesopotamia trade for (give away)?
Wheat Barley Cloth Tools
69
What did Mesopotamia trade to get (get)?
wood stone metals
70
Who were some great civilizations for Mesopotamia to trade with?
Indus valley and Egypt
71
What are the dates for the Egypt?
3100 BCE to 1100 BCE
72
Where does the Egyptian civilization take place? What is so special about this place?
Valley of the Nile river; it was guarded by the deserts; isolated
73
What was Egypt's main crop?
wheat and barley
74
What did the Egyptian build to control the waters?
Reservoirs and irrigation systems to further control the waters
75
What did Egypt have more of: villages or cities?
Villages
76
What was the main job for Egyptians?
farmers
77
Where did the wealthy live?
cities: Thebes & Memphis
78
When was Egypt unified?
310 BCE
79
When did Egypt fall into decline? (Ask Dr. Jack: Was this the new or old kingdom?)
1100 BCE
80
When was the Persian conquest to Egypt?
525 BCE
81
What did Akhenaton believe in?When did he rule? What god?
monotheism; 1300 BCE; Aton, the sun god
82
When were the Egyptian pyramids built?
~2500 BCE
83
When was the Rosetta Stone discovered?
1790
84
What did the Egyptians trade for? (get)
wood, ivory, and gold, spices
85
Who controlled the Egyptian trade?
The government
86
Where where the Himalayas in contrast to India?
North and East
87
Where are the Hindu Kush mountains in contrast to India?
Northwest
88
How do you get into India?
Khyber Pass
89
What are the two important rivers?
Indus and Ganges
90
Why is the Ganges river important to the Indians?
Their ashes are thrown into the river when they die to make the transition of their soul to the next world easier
91
What is the Deccan Plateau? How much of India does it account to? What different types of enviroments are there?
The Deccan plateau accounts for 2/3 of India, specifically the lower 2/3. It has a variety of harsh environments. During Monsoons it is either pounding rain or as dry as can be! There are desserts and thick forests but no good farming land.
92
What are the dates for Indus Valley Civ?
2500 - 1500 BCE
93
What are the people of the Indus Valley Civ. called?
Dravidian Poeple
94
What did the Indus Valley Civ. produce?
gold, silver, jewels, colorful cotton cloth
95
What are the two big cities of the Indus Valley Civ.? How were the cities planned? And what did they have that were special
Mohenjo- Daro and Harappa | The cities where planned in a grid system and had plumbing and sewage systems.
96
Why did the Indus Valley Civ. collapse?When? Who invaded after the ....?
Earthquake in 1500 BCE; Aryans then invaded
97
What did the Aryans bring to the Indus Valley Civ.?
horses, iron, and the new language: Sanskrit
98
What two cultures did Hinduism form out of?
Aryan and Dravidian cultures
99
Who formed the cast system and why?
The Aryans put together the Caste System because they thought that they were supperior, the system later started reflect the people's jobs
100
What is loess?
The Silt from china, yellow
101
What does obeisance mean?
literally: to bow down | total loyalty to the state

History (3 decks)

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