Pre-Midterm

Question 1

What is the difference between a micro and macro theory?

Answer 1

Micro theories look at small group or individual differences, while a macro theory looks at differences across societies and major groups.

Question 2

Define parsimony

Answer 2

The conciseness and abstractness of a set of concepts.

Question 3

The process of attempting to use evidence to disprove a theory is called _____

Answer 3

Empirical falsification

Question 4

Name each of the temperament types that correspond to the following body types based on Somatypes:

1. Ectomorph
2. Endomorph
3. Mesomorph

Answer 4

1. Ectomorph = Cerebrotonic
2. Endomorph = Viscerotonic
3. Mesomorph = Somotonic

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered a violent crime?
A) Murder
B) Crime against the person
C) Robbery
D) Rape

Answer 5

B) Crime against the person.

Question 6

Explain the difference between Conflict and Consensus Theories.

Answer 6

Consensus theory views the world as a society of shared norms, and believes that laws protect the general public. Conflict theory states that our social structure is what causes crime, and social division is due to inequalities.

Question 7

What is Process Theory? Is it micro or macro?

Answer 7

Process theory looks at the steps to becoming criminal, life history of the person, and individual characteristics that lead to crime. It is micro.

Question 8

True of False: there is no proven correlation between aggressive criminal behaviour and an extra Y chromosome.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

Wilson and Hernstein argued that the tendency to engage in criminal actions is associated with five factors. Four of those factors include family life, membership in subcultures, economic systems, and schools. What is the fifth factor?

Answer 9

Media

Question 10

The strongest predictor of later delinquent and criminal behaviour is:

Answer 10

Childhood behavioural problems

Question 11

What is physiognomy?

Answer 11

The study of the face

Question 12

What is phrenology?

Answer 12

The study of the skull

Question 13

What term did Lombroso use to describe criminal biological throwbacks?

Answer 13

Atavists

Question 14

Which three different neurotransmitters have been found to be linked to antisocial behaviour?

Answer 14

Dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 15

What is the “Warrior Gene”?

Answer 15

MAOA, which is responsible for the breakdown of neurotransmitters. It has been linked to more antisocial behaviour.

Question 16

What was the original purpose of the IQ test, according to creator Alfred Binet?

Answer 16

To identify students doing poorly in school so they could receive extra help. He warned that it was not designed to test for superior intelligence.

Question 17

What reason does Quay suggest for why low verbal IQ is related to delinquency?

Answer 17

Low verbal IQ may lead to school problems, which lead to delinquency.

Question 18

Explain the Flynn effect.

Answer 18

IQ measures abstract problem solving rather than intelligence, and that increases are explained by changes in the environment, like better nutrition.

Question 19

What is the MMPI?

Answer 19

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 20

The time of a person’s life when they are presented with ideas favouring deviance is called ____.

Answer 20

Priority