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HSCI 212 > Practice Questions > Flashcards

Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

what is immunological unresponsiveness to self antigens called?

A

tolerance

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2
Q

an epitope is?

A

a portion of an antigen which antibodies bind

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3
Q

food borne transmission of infectious diseases is an example of?

A

vehicle transmission

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4
Q

you completed an experiment but there not sure about your results what do you do?

A

conduct more experiments to support or disprove your hypothesis

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5
Q

the total number of cases (old and new) in a population is called?

A

prevalence

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6
Q

BLANK articles are assessed and critiques by the scientist and experts in the same field after distribution for review

A

peer-reviewed

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7
Q

confidence in the conclusion drawn from experimentation is increased by BLANK especially by other scientists

A

repetition of experiment

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8
Q

True or false: the second line of defence is highly motile

A

False

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9
Q

BLANK infection status where the virus genome exists in the host cell but the progeny virus particles are not produced

A

latency

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10
Q

if a new vaccine that can prevent people from developing a disease, would the incidence increase or decrease?

A

decrease

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11
Q

what helps scientists generate scientific hypotheses that are testable and falsifiable

A

knowledge from peer reviewed literature

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12
Q

True or false: the first line defense offers specific immunity

A

false

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13
Q

BLANK is the process that prevents the activation of the immune system towards specific antigens, usually self antigens

A

immune tolerance

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14
Q

BLANK is the value at which the disease may no longer persist in the population and ceases to be an endemic

A

herd immunity threshold

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15
Q

what is the process/method of using observations and experiments to draw conclusions based on evidence

A

research

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16
Q

agents incorporated into vaccine formulations (additives) to boost immunogenicity are called?

A

adjuvants

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17
Q

True or false: A vaccine is an agent that induces antigen to specific antibodies

A

false

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18
Q

true or false: mode of transmission is an epidemiologic traid of disease causation

A

false

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19
Q

number of new cases of a disease in given area during a given period of time is called?

A

incidence

20
Q

a disease that is continually present in a population is called?

A

endemic

21
Q

true or false: T cells secretes antibodies when activated

A

false

22
Q

penicillin is more effective against what?

A

gram positive bacteria

23
Q

what best describes the Late Industrial Society (stage 3)?

A

high birth rates, falling death rate, high population growth

24
Q

True or false: activation of auto reactive immune cells (T-cells) does not equal autoimmune disease

A

TRUE
- will be on exam and asked why it is true so explain and define autoimmunity relative to immune cells

25
Q

tue or false: to properly evaluate a scientific claim, it is necessary to understand how the science was done

A

true

26
Q

the BLANK variable is the measured result of the experiment

A

dependent

27
Q

BLANK analyses how the genetic makeup of an individual affects their response to drugs

A

pharmacogenomics

28
Q

True or false: using antibiotics for viral infection isn’t an approach to prevent antibiotic resistance

A

true

29
Q

BLANK literature provides a general summary of knowledge in the discipline

A

tertiary

30
Q

true or false: finding a correlation that is not necessarily a cause is not a typical result of epidemiological studies

A

false

31
Q

the ability of an agent to cause disease is called?

A

pathogenicity

32
Q

what study design is used to study the exposure disease outcome relationship of rare disease?

A

case control studies

33
Q

who was able to establish that weakened culture provide immunity against more virulent stock

A

Louis Pasteur

34
Q

what study design is an experimental research design aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a clinical intervention

A

RCT

35
Q

BLANK is the study of determinants of health related states and distribution in human populations to control health problems

A

epidemiology

36
Q

an explanation that cannot be tested or refuted falls outside the realm of what?

A

pseudoscience

37
Q

the BLANK variable in an experiment is the one being deliberately changed in the experimental group

A

independent

38
Q

True or false: herd immunity is direct protection from infectious disease that occurs when most of a population is immune to infection

A

false - because its indirect

39
Q

BLANK is the introduction of dried pus and scabs from smallpox pustules into/under the skin of an uninfected individual

A

variolation

40
Q

what study design is good for investigation of rare exposures?

A

cohort studies

41
Q

a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys (healthy) body tissues is called?

A

autoimmunity

42
Q

true or false: prebiotics are the same thing as probiotics?

A

false

43
Q

BLANK are infectious diseases that are most prevalent in tropical climates, particularly in areas with limited access

A

neglected diseases

44
Q

true or false: to measure the prevalence of disease, we need to stay with a cohort who are currently free of disease of interest

A

false

45
Q

Rubella is caused by a virus. Rubella occurs worldwide and is normally a mild childhood disease. The real problem is that infection during early pregnancy may cause fetal death or multiple defects. Rubella virus only infects humans. The rubella vaccine is a live attenuated strain of the virus propagated in human cells and typically formulated as a component of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. In clinical trials, 95-100% of susceptible persons aged 12 months and older developed rubella antibodies by 3-4 weeks after vaccination. Protection is then lifelong

Give two reasons why girls are vaccinated against rubella when they are young

A
  1. best at a young age before they become pregnant
  2. herd immunity - providing protection to yourself while also not passing it down through pregnancy

HSCI 212 (2 decks)

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