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History > Power And The People (up to women's rights) > Flashcards

Power And The People (up to women's rights) Flashcards

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1
Q

Factors influencing power

A 
War
Religion
Chance
Government
Communication
The economy
Ideas
Roles of individuals
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2
Q

The order of the feudal system (bottom -> top)

A

King
Barons
Knights
Peasants

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3
Q

Manga carter signed in

A

June 1215 by king John

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4
Q

Significance of sealing of manga carter

A

Led to civil war in 1215 when king John and Pope innocent III rejected and broke it
Inspired action by others in history - Jefferson and USA independence, Ghandi
Actual clauses remain in force in English law today

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5
Q

Magna carter renewed 3 times

A

1217, 1225, 1897

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6
Q

John made king

A

After brother Richard in 1199

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7
Q

1204

A

John loses land in Normandy to the French King

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8
Q

1208

A

William de Briouze paid 40,000 marks (£27,000) to make peace with John and have his lands restored

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9
Q

1211

A

Robert de Vaux fined excessively (2000 marks - £1300)) for the ‘Kings’s benevolence’

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10
Q

1213

A

John de Lacy had to pay 7000 marks (£4600) just to inherit his fathers land

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11
Q

Scutage

A

A payment barons could pay directly to the king to avoid fighting for the king

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12
Q

John used scutage 11 times

A

Between 1199-1214

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13
Q

1214

A

Barons refuse to pay scutage

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14
Q

1207

A

Pope appointed Stephen Langton as Archbishop or Canterbury. King John wanted appoint his own man as archbishop. Challenged pop and began to confiscate charges ordinarily paid to the church

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15
Q

In response to withdrawal of church funding

A

The pope excommunicated John and suspended all church services

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16
Q

1212

A

Pope went as far as to say it was not a sin to kill a king

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17
Q

1213

A

John reached an agreement with the pope by promising to restore customs and laws followed at the time of Edward the Confessor

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18
Q

Final straw for barons

A

Another defeat in France in 1214

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19
Q

It was clear John could not regain Normandy

A

After the Battle of Bouvines

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20
Q

The barons plotted to challenge John

A

Circulated Henry I’s charter of Liberties as an example of rights they wanted John to give them

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21
Q

The pope now supported John

A

Ordered the barons to remain faithful to their king

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22
Q

May 1215

A

Vocal support from London for the barons to challenge the king

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23
Q

The barons opposing John met him at Runnymede in June 1215

A

The barons presented a list of demands - to become the Magna Carta

24
Q

King John signed the charter

A

Under pressure and with no real choice

25
Q

Saw the charter as a temporary measure

A

To build up loyal forces to fight the barons

26
Q

When the barons tried to implement the terms of the Magna Carta

A

John refused to accept their right to impose constraints on his power. The pope told John the charter was invalid

27
Q

The barons made an alliance with Scotland

A

They invited Prince Louis of France to take the English throne

28
Q

May 1316

A

French arrive and a civil war in England breaks out between the king and the barons

29
Q

October 1216

A

King John died - supposedly from eating too many peaches and drinking too much cider

30
Q

Who was John succeeded by?

A

Henry III his nine year old son who was the rightful king

31
Q

Until Henry III came of age

A

England was run by a council of barons

32
Q

What was Henry III’s relationship to King John?

A

King John was his father

33
Q

When did Henry III become king?

A

1216

34
Q

Why did Henry III only begin to rule in 1227?

A

He cane of age to rule alone in 1227

35
Q

Causes of tension between Henry III and the barons from 1227-1258

A

Henry was strong willed and ruled in an arbitrary way
He was extravagant
He was ‘perpetually short of money’
Lost two major wars with France (1230 and 1242)
Barons felt isolated and abandoned
Henry forced to sack some officials in 1233
Accusation of personal and arbitrary rule and failing to stand by the provisions of the Magna Carta

36
Q

How were the four main grievances related to the Magna Carta?

A

Financial - Henry was always short of money and after more
Judicial - royal favourites appeared to receive preferential treatment
The role of foreigners (‘aliens’) in governing the country appeared to exclude those outside a small royal circle from power and influence
The way sheriffs in the counties were favouring Henry faster than applying the law fairly

37
Q

Who was Simon de Montfort married to?

A

Henry III’s sister, Eleanor

38
Q

1233

A

Minor rebellion of barons

39
Q

June 1258

A

Provisions of Oxford - Henry makes it clear he will discard these

40
Q

May 1264

A

Battle of Lewes - Henry captured and help hostage for 2 years by Simon de Montfort

41
Q

May 1264 - august 1265

A

Simon de Montfort rules with parliament of the people

42
Q

Provisions of Oxford

A

Created by Simon de Montfort in 1258

Forced Henry III to accept a new form of government

43
Q

When was Simon de Montfort killed?

A

August 1265

44
Q

May 1381

A

Villagers in Essex refused to pay taxes and attacked tax collectors
They quickly won support from other villages in Kent and Essex

45
Q

7 June 1381

A

Rebels free a priest called John Balk from prison

46
Q

Why was John ball imprisoned?

A

For saying that all men should be equal and free

47
Q

12 June 1381

A

Rebels arrive in Blackheath near London

Lead by Wat Tyler

48
Q

13 June 1381

A 
King Richard (only 14) went by river to meet the rebels
So much chaos that he couldn’t land and there was no meeting
49
Q

After failed meeting on 13 June 1381

A

Rebels entered London and burned down the Duke of Lancaster’s house

50
Q

14 June 1381

A

The king talked to the rebels and agreed that all villeins should be freedmen and all rebels pardoned
Meanwhile some rebels attacked the Tower of London and murdered the Archbishop of Canterbury and other advisors of the king

51
Q

15 June 1381

A

The king met the rebels’ leader (Wat Tyler) at Smithfield
Tyler killed by kingsman
King ordered the rebels to go home, promising they would all become freedmen

52
Q

What did John Ball believe and preach about?

A

Equality and abolishing serfdom

53
Q

1278

A

All tenants claimed exemption from labour services imposed by the Priory of Harmondsworth

54
Q

1315-1317

A

Harvests fell by 50%

55
Q

1319-20

A

Nearly half the sheep in the country died

56
Q

Impact of the Black Death - 1348-49

A

Killed 50% of population
Some villages wiped out entirely
Rich forced to lower rents or raise wages

History (1 decks)

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