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Gross Anatomy Block 3 > Posterior Thigh and Leg > Flashcards

Posterior Thigh and Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Main action

Innervation; exception?

A

Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus)

Extend the thigh at hip, and flex the knee

Tibial branch of sciatic nerve; short head of biceps femoris= common fibular branch of sciatic nerve

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2
Q

Posterior compartment muscles get blood supply from

A

Perforating branches of deep (profundus) femoral artery

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3
Q

Sciatic nerve comes from which spinal levels

A

L4-S3

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4
Q

Semitendinosus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Ischial tuberosity
Proximal medial surface of tibia
Tibial nerve
Flexes and medially rotates knee, and extends hip

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5
Q

Semimembranosus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Ischial tuberosity
Proximal medial surface of tibia
Tibial nerve
Flexes and medially rotates knee and extends hip

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6
Q

Biceps femoris - long head

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Ischial tuberosity
Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
Tibial nerve
Flexes and laterally rotates knee; extends hip

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7
Q

Biceps femoris - short head

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Linea aspera
Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
Common fibular nerve
Flexes and laterally rotates knee

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8
Q

Borders of the popliteal fossa

  1. Superolateral
  2. Superomedial
  3. Inferomedial
  4. Inferolateral
A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Medial head of gastrocnemius
  4. Plantaris and lateral head of gastrocnemius
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9
Q

Superficial veins of popliteal fossa?

A

Small saphenous vein -> popliteal vein

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10
Q

Nerves of the popliteal fossa

A

Tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, and medial and lateral sural nerves (cutaneous)

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11
Q

Medial sural nerves comes off of?

Lateral sural nerve comes off of?

What happens as you move down the leg

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

They join together and then the one nerve is just called the sural nerve

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12
Q

Deepest structure in the popliteal fossa?

Where does it emerge from

A

Popliteal artery

Adductor hiatus

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13
Q

Deep neurovasculature:

Course of sciatic nerve

A

Passes deep to long head of biceps femoris, splits into tibial and common fibular nerves along superior border

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14
Q

Three branches of the popliteal artery

A

Genicular, posterior tibial recurrent and anterior tibial recurrent

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15
Q

Genicular artery has what 5 branches

This genicular artery branches anastomose with each other; what other artery do they also join up with?

A

Lateral superior, medial superior, middle, medial inferior, and lateral inferior

Anterior tibial recurrent

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16
Q

Popliteal artery changes its name when?

What does its name change to

A

When it passes over popliteus muscle

Posterior tibial artery

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17
Q

Function of the tibia

Function of the fibula

A

Weight bearing bone of the leg

Muscle attachments (no contact with femur)

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18
Q
  1. Popliteal artery branches into ?
  2. Which gives off the fibular artery?
  3. Posterior tibial artery runs to where?
  4. Anterior tibial artery runs to where?
A
  1. Anterior and posterior tibial artery
  2. Posterior tibial artery
  3. To sole of foot by medial malleolus
  4. To dorsum of foot with dorsalis pedis
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19
Q

Innervation of the following compartments of the leg:

  1. Anterior compartment
  2. Posterior superficial compartment
  3. Posterior deep compartment
  4. Lateral compartment
A
  1. Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
  2. Tibial nerve
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
20
Q

Which nerve of the leg is very superficial?

If injured, what will be impaired?

What will this cause?

A

Common fibular nerve

Dorsiflexion

Foot drop; people will use “steppage gait” to compensate

21
Q

Name if the following nerves are lateral, medial, or posterior on leg

  1. Saphenous nerve
  2. Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
  3. Medial sural cutaneous nerve
A
  1. Medial
  2. Lateral
  3. Posterior
22
Q

4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

Main actions

Innervation

A

Extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior and fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Dorsiflexion; also extension of digits

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

23
Q
  1. All muscles with tibialis in the name do what action?

2. All muscles with fibularis in the name do what action?

A
  1. Inversion of foot

2. Eversion of foot

24
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Lateral condyle of tibia and proximal fibula, interosseous membrane
  2. Distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
  3. Deep fibular nerve
  4. Extends phalanges; dorsiflexes ankle
25
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. middle anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
  2. Distal phalanx of big toe
  3. Deep fibular nerve
  4. Extends big toe, dorsiflexes ankle
26
Q

Tibialis anterior

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Lateral condyle and anterior surface of tibia; interosseous membrane
  2. Base of 1st metatarsal; medial cuneiform
  3. Deep fibular nerve
  4. Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
27
Q

Fibularis tertius

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Distal fibula
  2. Base of 5th metatarsal
  3. Deep fibular nerve
  4. Dorsiflexes and everts foot
28
Q

2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

Actions

Innervation

A

Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis

Eversion and plantar flexion

Superficial fibular nerve

29
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Proximal 2/3 of fibula
  2. Base of 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform (plantar surface)
  3. Superficial fibular nerve
  4. Plantar flexes and everts foot
30
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Distal 2/3 fibula
  2. Base of 5th metatarsal
  3. Superficial fibular nerve
  4. Plantar flexes and everts foot
31
Q

Posterior compartment of leg
1. 3 superficial muscles

  1. 4 deep muscles
  2. 3 main actions
  3. Innervation
A
  1. Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
  2. Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and tibialis posterior
  3. Plantar flexion, flexion of digits, and inversion (tibialis posterior)
  4. Tibial nerve
32
Q

Explain the knee locking/unlocking mechanism

A

Short head of biceps femoris- laterally rotates tibia and locks the knee

Popliteus- medially rotates tibia and unlocks the knee

33
Q

What does the mnemonic tom dick and harry explain

A

Order in which muscles enter flexor retinaculum:

Tibilias posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus

34
Q

Gastrocnemius

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Femoral condyles
  2. Calcaneal tuberosity
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
35
Q

Soleus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Proximal fibula, soleal line of tibia
  2. Calcaneal tuberosity
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Plantar flexes foot
36
Q

Plantaris

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
  2. Calcaneal tuberosity
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Plantar flexes foot
37
Q

Popliteus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Lateral femoral condyle
  2. Proximal tibia
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Flexes and medially rotates tibia
38
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Middle of fibula
  2. Distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Flexes toes; plantar flexes foot
39
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Middle of fibula
  2. Distal phalanx of great toe
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Flexes great toe; plantar flexes foot
40
Q

Tibialis posterior

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Proximal and middle of tibia and fibula
  2. Plantar surface of navicular and other tarsals
  3. Tibial nerve
  4. Plantar flexes and inverts foot
41
Q

What are two lower limb adaptations that humans have

A

Reorientation of iliac blades and valgus knee

42
Q

4 phases of gait

A

Heel strike, stance phase, toe off and swing phase

43
Q

Heel strike:

  1. Action of hip during this phase and what muscles are being used
  2. Action of knee and what muscles are being used
  3. Action ankle and what muscles are being used
A
  1. Gluteus maximus and hamstrings prevent body from buckling forward
  2. Quadriceps support weight loading and absorb shock
  3. Dorsiflexors ease foot onto ground
44
Q

Stance phase:

  1. Action of hip during this phase and what muscles are being used
  2. Action ankle and what muscles are being used
A
  1. Gluteus medius and minimus prevent opposite hip from falling during its swing phase
  2. Plantar flexors push body mass forward
45
Q

Toe off phase:

  1. Action of hip during this phase and what muscles are being used
  2. Action of knee and what muscles are being used
  3. Action ankle and what muscles are being used
A
  1. Iliopsoas and rectus femoris accelerates thigh
  2. Hamstrings allow leg to clear ground
  3. Dorsiflexors prevent foot from dragging
46
Q

Swing phase:

Action ankle and what muscles are being used

A

Dorsiflexors prevent foot from dragging

47
Q

Most important spring adaptation

A

Achilles tendon

Gross Anatomy Block 3 (8 decks)

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