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Unit 1.1 Biology AS Level 🌺 > polysaccharides > Flashcards

polysaccharides Flashcards

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1
Q

what are polysaccharides

A

formed from very large numbers of monosaccharides

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2
Q

what bonds do polysaccharides have

A

glycosidic

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3
Q

why couldn’t you just store glucose in that form in cells

A

soluble in waterso would increase concentration of the cell contencts and draw water in by osmosis

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4
Q

how is glucose stored in plant cells

A

startch

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5
Q

how is glucose stored in animal cells

A

glycogen

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6
Q

what are the benefits of using startch / glycogen to store glucose

A

insoluble - no osmatic effect
cannot diffuse out of the cell
compact
carry a lot of enery in c-h and c-c bonds

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7
Q

where can you find startch in high concentrations

A

seeds + storage organs such as potato tubers

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8
Q

what are the 2 polymers of startch

A

amylose
amylopectin

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9
Q

amylose structure

A

linear unbranched
alpha 1- 4 glycosidic bonds
helix

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10
Q

amylopectin structure

A

a 1-4 glycosidic bonds and a 1-6 glycosidic bonds
branched

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11
Q

how to test for startch

A

iodine-potassium iodide test

orange brown to blue black

qualitative test

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12
Q

different between glycogen and amylopectin

A

glycogen more branched

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13
Q

structure of cellulose

A

long chain of 1-4 glycosidic B glucose units

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14
Q

how does cellulose look like

A

straight + unbracnhed
B link rotates by 180 degreees

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15
Q

where do hydrogen bonds form in cellulose

A

between OH groups
makes it structurally stable

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16
Q

how do microfibrili form

A

paralel cellulose molecules become tightly cross linked by hydrgen bonds

17
Q

in what are microfibrili held

A

bundles called fibres

18
Q

is cellulose permable

A

freely permable

19
Q

structure of chitin

A

beta 1-4 glucose with nitrogen to form a hetropolysaccharide

20
Q

difference between cellulose and chitin

A

chitin has amino acid

21
Q

where can you find chitin

A

exoskeleton and fungal cell wall

22
Q

properties of chitin

A

strong
waterproof
lightweight

23
Q

similarity of chitin to cellulose

A

monomers rotated by 180
long parallel chains are cross linked by hydrogen bonds forming microfibrils

24
Q

cellulose - hydrogen bonds form what

A

cross-linkages

makes cellulose form long threads called microfibrils

25
Q

what makes chitin different from other polysaccharides

A

contains nitrogen

26
Q

bonds between in cellulose

A

beta glycosidic

27
Q

bonds up and down in cellulose

A

hydrogen bond

28
Q

how does cellulose / chitin provide strength

A

alternate monosaccharides inverted by 180

hydrogen bonds cross link molecules

which forms microfibrilis

29
Q

what actually are glycosidic bonds

A

covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides through condensation

Unit 1.1 Biology AS Level 🌺 (8 decks)

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