Poll EV quizzes Flashcards
What does cell theory state?
all living things are made up of cells
prokaryotic cells can be distinguished from eukaryotic cells by the absence of:
a nucleus
Which of the following is NOT a feature of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
-ribosomes
-genetic info in DNA
-plasma membrane
-cytoplasmic organelles such as ER and golgi
Cytoplasmic organelles
Which type of biomolecule is the main source of quick energy for living things?
carbohydrates
What level of protein structure results from folding into a helices or bsheets?
secondary structure
Denaturation of a protein disrupts what structure(s)
disrupts secondary and tertiary structures
Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes to membrane fluidity?
double bonds in the fatty acid tail
Most functions of cell membranes are carried out by:
proteins
How do cells transport small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules across a membrane?
these molecules diffuse freely
What is the role of ATP in primary active transport?
ATP is used to pump molecules against their concentration gradient
Which of the following can freely diffuse across a cell membrane
-oxygen
-potassium ions
-glucose
-protons
oxygen
Mitochondria are sites of (3)
-synthesis of certain amino acids
-synthesis of heme groups
-uptake of Ca ions
A biological redox reaction involves (3)
an oxidizing agent
-a reducing agent
- a gain of electrons
Why is oxygen needed for ATP synthesis?
oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC
What is a common characteristic of all proteins in the ECM?
the presence of domains with specific binding sites
All collagen family members consist of __ chains arranged in a __ in at least part of their length
3
triple helix
The endocytic pathway:
moves materials from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell
The signal sequence is found on the N terminus of__
secretory proteins
Which structure is not a part of the endomembrane system?
-nuclear envelope
-mitochondria
-golgi
-ER
mitochondria
Where does glycosylation take place?
the golgi complex AND rough ER
Which process does not take place in the golgi complex?
-glycosylation of proteins’
-digestion of misfolded proteins
-processing membrane proteins
-processing lysosomal proteins
digestion of misfolded proteins
Which residues act as a delivery address of proteins to lysosomes?
mannose 6 phosphate
In phagocytosis, the phagosome fuses with which organelle leading to digestion?
lysosome
Do eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton?
yes
Which cytoskeleton element does not associate with motor proteins
intermediate filaments
Which direction does Kinesin 1 transport cargo?
outwardly towards + end of microtubules
Which direction does dynein transport cargo?
inwardly towards the - end of microtubules
What is a function of centrosomes?
facilitating microtubule nucleation
Is there a difference between cilia and flagella?
no
How many genes encode intermediate filaments?
70
Are actin filaments associated with motor proteins?
yes
What will cause DNA to have a higher melting temp?
higher GC content
Transposase is an enzyme that ____
catalyzes transposon excision from a donor DNA site and its subsequent insertion to the target DNA site
What is the histone structure consist of?
a core histone octamer + 1 linker histone
______ is also known as light chromatin and can actively undergo ___
euchromatin, transcription
The DNA protein complex that comprises eukaryotic chromosomes is called ___
chromatin
the RNA POLYMERASE MOVES ALONG THE DNA TEMPLATE IN TEH ____ DIRECTION
3 - 5
Prokaryotes have ___ RNA POLYMERASES, eukaryotes have ___
1, several
Does eukaryotic transcription take place in the cytoplasm?
no
the creation of a stop codon in the middle of a coding sequence is called a ____
nonsense mutation
What is the amino acid used as a start codon?
methionine
DNA methylation is thought to serve as an ____ marker
epigenetic
In the absence of lactose, what is expected to happen in the LAC operon?
respressor protein will bind to the operator site
The length of the POLYA tail is affects ____
longevity of mRNA
Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?
each daughter duplex contains one strand from the parent structure
When do most of the prep for mitosis occur, including DNA replication
interphase
What is responsible for holding sister chromatids together after replication?
Cohesin
Which stage of mitosis involves the reformation of the nuclear envelope, disassembly of the mitotic spindle?
telophase
During ____ spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of each chromosome
prometaphase
What enzyme will catalyze the cutting of PIP2 into IP3 and DAG in cell signalling?
phospholipase C
RTKs are _______
autophosphorylated by its catalytic subunits
A mutation that changes a codon sequence and subsequently changes the amino acid that should have been placed at that point is called a _______
missense mutation
Transcription occurs in the ____ and translation occurs in the ___ of prokaryotic cells
cytoplasm for both
following transcription the RNA has a complementary strand of the ____
template strand of DNA
Which event occurs just adter eukaryotic mRNA being transcribed?
removal of introns
The polyA tail is added to what molecules?
eukaryotic mRNA
What will 3H thymidine do?
radiolabel newly synthesized DNA
What event is most likely to trigger a delay in movement to anaphase through monitoring the spindle checkpoint?
failure to align at the metaphase plate
