Plate Tectonics Flashcards
What are 2 types of natural hazards?
- Climate-related hazards
- Tectonic hazards
Name some natural hazards (classify them with the 2 types of natural hazards)
Climate-related:
- Floods
- Storms
Tectonic:
- Earthquakes
- Volcanic eruptions
What does the earth’s internal structure consist of?
(A layered structure)
- Core
- Mantle
- Continental crust and oceanic crust
What are 2 differing properties of each layer of the earth (i.e. mantle, core, crust)?
- Thickness
- Solid or liquid state
What causes the movement of tectonic plates?
- Convection currents
- Slab-pull force
What are the types of plate boundaries?
- Divergent
- Convergent
- Transform
What are 2 kinds of divergent plate boundaries and name examples and its associated plates
- Oceanic-oceanic divergence
e.g. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(by North American and Eurasian plate) - Continental-continental divergence
e.g. Great Rift Valley of East Africa
(by Nubian boundary and Somalian boundary of African plate)
What are the 3 kinds of convergent plate boundaries? Name examples and its associated plates.
- Oceanic-oceanic convergence
e.g. Mariana Trench
(by Pacific and Philippine plate) - Continental-continental convergence
e.g. Himalayas
(by Indian and Eurasian plate) - Oceanic-continental convergence
e.g. Andes
(Nazca and S. American plate)
Name an example of a transform plate boundary and its associated plates
San Andreas fault
(by Pacific and N. American plate)
What are the associated landforms of the divergent plate boundaries?
O-O plate divergence: Oceanic ridge, volcanic island
C-C plate divergence: Rift valley, block mountain
What are the associated landforms of convergent plate boundaries?
O-O: volcano, chain/arc of islands, deep oceanic trench
C-C: fold mountain
O-C: volcano, fold mountain, deep oceanic trench
What are 3 phenomena related to plate movements?
- Earthquakes
- Tsunamis
- Volcanic eruptions
What are 4 structures associated with volcanoes?
- Crater
- Caldera
- Vent
- Magma chamber
What are 2 types of volcanoes?
- Shield volcano
- Stratovolcano
What are the differing characteristics of the 2 types of volcanoes?
- Shape
- Type of lava
- Nature of explosion
- Lava flow
- Location
Give examples of the 2 types of volcanoes.
Shield: Mount Washington in USA, Erta Ale in Ethiopia
Stratovolcano: Puy de Domes in France, Mt. Pinatubo in Philippines
What are the benefits of living in volcanic areas?
- Fertile soil
- Precious stones and minerals
- Tourism
- Geothermal energy
What are risks of living in volcanic areas?
- Massive destruction by volcanic materials
- Pollution
What are risks related to living in earthquake zones?
- Disruptions of services
- Landslides
- Destruction of properties and infrastructure
- Loss of lives
- Tsunamis
How may people respond to natural hazards?
- Preparedness measures
- Short-term responses
- Long-term responses
How may people respond to natural hazards?
- Preparedness measures
- Short-term responses
- Long-term responses
What are the 4 preparedness measures?
- Land use regulation
- Infrastructure
- Emergency drills
- Earthquake and tsunami monitoring and warning systems
What are 2 short-term responses?
- Search and rescue
- Emergency food and medical supplies
What are 2 long-term responses?
- Rebuilding of infrastructure
- Provision of health care
