PKPD Exam 1

Question 1

Male and female metabolism of CYP3A4

Answer 1

Female metabolism is faster than male

Question 2

Male and female metabolism of CYP2C19

Answer 2

Female metabolism is about equal to male

Question 3

Male and female metabolism of CYP2D6

Answer 3

Female metabolism is less than male metabolism

Question 4

Male and female metabolism of CYP1A2

Answer 4

Female metabolism is less than male metabolism

Question 5

Methylprednisolone PKPD

Answer 5

Females metabolize faster.
Cortisol levels drop lower in females while taking Methylprednisone.

Question 6

Antiretroviral PK profile

Answer 6

Females more likely to develop toxic concentrations.
Why? Lower volume of distribution.

Question 7

Metoprolol PKPD

Answer 7

CYP2D6
S-metoprolol is the active form
Male patients metabolize faster

Question 8

Ketoconazole PKPD

Answer 8

Inhibits CYP3A4 pathway
Elevates drug concentrations
Causes QT prolongation

Question 9

Drugs that cause QT prolongation

Answer 9

Withdrawn drugs: Terfenadine, Astemizole, Cisapride, Troglitazone, Grepafloxacin

Still on the market: Amiodarone, Bepridil, Disopyramide, Ibutelide, Quinidine, Erythromycin, Halofantrene, Pentamidine, Chlorpromazine, Pimozide

Question 10

Clearance in pregnancy

Answer 10

Increased Clearance: Ampicillin, Cefuroxime, Clorazepate, Bupivacaine, Dexamethasone, Pethidine, Thiopentone, Pancuronium, Oxazepam, Methimazole, Sodium Salicylate, HEPARIN, NIFEDIPINE

Decreased clearance: THEOPHYLLINE, CAFFEINE

Question 11

Oral contraceptives PKPD

Answer 11

Conjugated drugs are more rapidly metabolized, decrease in oxidative metabolism

Question 12

Ultradian rhythm

Answer 12

Less than 20 hours

Question 13

Circadian rhythm

Answer 13

20-28 hours

Question 14

Circatrigintan rhythm

Answer 14

20-30 days, menstrual cycle

Question 15

Chronobiology terminology

Answer 15

Mesor: average functionality
Acrophase: Time at peak function
Period: Time from peak to peak
Amplitude: Difference in average function and peak function

Question 16

Renal clearance at night

Answer 16

Usually decreased

Question 17

Valsartan

Answer 17

Best given at bedtime

Question 18

Circadian peaks

Answer 18

Cortisol: morning
Melatonin: before bed
Prolactin: night time
IL-6: early morning

Question 19

Weight and PKPD

Answer 19

As people age, they gain weight, and the volume of distribution increases.

Question 20

Renal clearance

Answer 20

As people age their renal clearance decreases.
Babies have a low renal clearance that increases through early childhood