Physiology Flashcards
Human Nervous System consist of two main parts are :
• CNS : Brain 🧠, Spinal cord
• Peripheral: Automatic N.S ,Somatic.N.S
Division of the Autonomic Nervous System Into:
- Parasympathetic
-Parasympathetic
Q1-Parasympathetic called : (————-)
Q2- Sympathetic: called : (————-)
1) Craino- sacral outflow
2) Thoraco-Lumbar outflow
Parasympathetic has two of sources pre- GanglionicNeurons:
• Brainstem lll, Vll,lX,X .
Oculomotor (III)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
• Sacral Spinal Cord[ Pelvic Splanchnic
Nerves ] : II,III,IIII .
The Receptors of Parasympathetic are :
Nicotinic receptors.
Muscarinic receptors. - 5 type -
Q ,Normally not activated as a whole :
Release acetylcholine as neurotransmitter : —————-
*Parasympathetic
- Relaxing effects
Myelinated
pre-ganglionic fibers from levels.
T 1 - L 2 in :
Sympathetic
Sympathetic Division
(continued) preganglionic fibers synapse with
Most postganglionic neurons
(unmyelinated ) within
paravertebral
ganglia
Most preganglionic fibers synapse with
postganglionic neurons
(unmyelinated) within paravertebral
ganglia
Sympathetic Division
Divergence : 🦚
Convergence: 🦚➡️ 🌛
Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with # of postganglionic neurons.
Sympathoadrenal system :
Stimulated by mass activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers.
Modified sympathetic ganglion:
Its cells are derived from the same embryonic tissue that forms postganglionic sympathetic neurons
Adrenal Glands [Medulla]
Adrenal medulla secretes :
epinephrine (Eip)
#norepinephrine (NE)
Adrenergic Receptors Found on effector tissues:
a
b
Release of postganglionic fibers and
norepinephrine from epinephrine &
norepinephrine from adrenal medulla.
Sympathetic Effects
