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FlashCards for Exams > Physical Science - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Physical Science - Chapter 1 Flashcards

To understand and study everything learned in Chapter 1 of Physical Science

1
Q

Define matter.

A

-anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

What is the study of matter and how it changes?

A

-chemistry

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3
Q

Explain the difference between a physical property and a chemical property.

A

-physical (can be seen without changing something into another substance)
-chemical (describes a substance’s ability to change into another substance)

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4
Q

What are some examples of physical properties?

A

-state of matter
-volume
-mass
-magnetism
-relative density
-conductivity of electrical energy
-conductivity of heat energy
-solubility in water
-flexibility
-color
-texture
-hardness

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5
Q

What are some examples of chemical properties?

A

-reactivity
-corrosion (rusting)
-toxicity
-flammability
-combustibility
-radioactivity

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6
Q

What is an element?

A

-a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means

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7
Q

Elements are represented by one or two letter ____________.

A

-symbols
(ex. O2 or H2O)

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8
Q

The basic particle from all which elements are made is called a(n)

A

-atom

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9
Q

When atoms combine, forming a chemical bond, they form a particle called a(n)

A

-molecule

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10
Q

What is a compound?

A

-a substance made of two or more elements that are combined in a set ratio

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11
Q

A compound is represented by a ________________, which shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms.

A

-chemical formula

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12
Q

What are the two types of mixtures? Be sure to give lots of detail.

A

-Heterogeneous (easily separated)
-Homogeneous (hard to separate)

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13
Q

List and explain the four ways to separate mixtures. Add lots of detail.

A

-distillation (heating things up to gases)
-filtration (using filters)
-evaporation (allowing liquids to evaporate)
-magnetic attraction (using magnets)

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14
Q

The measure of the force of gravity on an object is ______.

A

-weight

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15
Q

Why do scientists not use weight as a measurement?

A

-weight depends on the location

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16
Q

What are the SI units of mass?

A

-grams or milligrams

17
Q

The amount of matter in an object is _______.

A

-mass

18
Q

What are the SI units of volume?

A

-cubic meters or milliliters

19
Q

What is volume?

A

-the amount of space that matter takes up

20
Q

What are the SI units of density?

A

-grams/cubic meters (g/cm^3)

21
Q

A measure of a mass of a material in a given volume is ___________.

A

-density

22
Q

Give the definition of a physical change.

A

-alters the form or appearance of matter, but does not turn any substance in the matter into a different substance

23
Q

What are some examples of a physical change?

A

-changes in water (solid like ice, liquid like normal water, or a gas like water vapor)
-changes in salt (dissolving, bending, crushing, breaking, or chopping)

24
Q

a change in the matter that produces one or more new substances is called ____________.

A

-a chemical change (also called a chemical reaction)

25
Q

What are some example of a chemical change?

A

-combustion (quick combination of a fuel with oxygen)
-electrolysis (use of electricity to break a compound into elements)
-oxidation (combination of a substance with oxygen)
-tarnishing (slow combination of a bright metal with another material)

26
Q

With lots of detail, describe the Law of Conservation of Mass.

A

-matter is not created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical change, it just changes form
-all the atoms before and after the reaction are still there, just rearranged into something else

27
Q

Every chemical and physical change in matter includes a change in ______.

A

-energy

28
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

-the total energy of the motion of all the particles in an object

29
Q

The two types of changes in thermal energy that occur when matter changes are _____________ and _______________ changes.

A

-endothermic, exothermic

30
Q

Describe endothermic changes.

A

-a change/reaction when energy is absorbed (ex. melting ice)

31
Q

Describes exothermic changes.

A

-a change/reaction when energy is given off or released (ex. combustion)

32
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms

FlashCards for Exams (1 decks)

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