Physical Finishes

Question 1

What is calendering?
:) 2

Answer 1

heat rollers press down on fabric to create a polished surface
:) improved sheen, softer and smoother

Question 2

What is raising?
:)

Answer 2

fabric passed between hooked rollers to bring end fibres to surface and create a raised, fuzzy surface
:) increases thermal insulation

Question 3

What is heat setting?
:)

Answer 3

heat and pressure make surface of fabric smooth
:) better handle

Question 4

What is brushing?
:) 2

Answer 4

fabric passed between wire rollers which pull the fibres and raise them
:) softer, raised surface

Question 5

What is desizing?
:)

Answer 5

chemical agent (size) is removed because the chemical is used to strengthen warp yarns during weaving
:) improves absorbency and ability to take dye

Question 6

What is singeing?
:)

Answer 6

burning off loose ends - passed through a naked flame
:) smooth surface - clear printing

Question 7

What is emerising?

Answer 7

fabric passed between rough rollers to create a suede look finish
:) increases water, crease and stain resistance

Question 8

What is milling and fulling?

Answer 8

increases thickness and compactness of yarns

Question 9

What is a disadvantage of physical finishes?

Answer 9

cost of equipment / processes