Phylosophical Self

Question 1

He invented the phrase”Know Thyself,”

Answer 1

Socrates

Question 2

He claimed that life is worthless without striving to know and understand ourselves.

Answer 2

Socrates

Question 3

The self can be understood through self-knowledge and self-examination

Answer 3

Socrates

Question 4

He is a dualist; the self has both an immaterial mind (soul) and material body, and the soul knows the forms (ideas).

Answer 4

Plato

Question 5

He claimed that the soul (mind) itself is divided into three parts and that person differs as to which part of their nature is predominant:
1. Rational soul
– reason;
– seeks philosophical and knowledge

2. Spirited soul
   – will, emotion, passion;
   – victory loving and seek reputation
3. Appetitive soul
   – physical urges;
   – profit-loving and seeking material gain

Answer 5

Socrates

Question 6

The self centers around the theory of Forms (or Ideas) and the concept of the soul.

Answer 6

Socrates

Question 7

He agreed with Plato that human beings are dualistic, and he combined his beliefs with the newfound doctrine of Christianity.

Answer 7

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 8

the “self” as an immaterial (but rational) soul.

Answer 8

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 9

The self is a restless soul seeking its ultimate fulfillment and rest in God’s love

Answer 9

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 10

He believed the body possessed senses, such as imagination, memory, reason, and mind, through which the soul experienced the world.

Answer 10

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 11

The self is a rational and immortal soul uniquely united with a physical body, created in the image of God.

Answer 11

Thomas Aquinas

Question 12

His is known in his famous line “Cogito ergo sum,” translated as “I think. Therefore I am.”

Answer 12

Rene Descartes

Question 13

The body is nothing but a machine attached to the mind

Answer 13

Rene Descartes

Question 14

The self is a thinking, conscious entity with an inherent existence, distinct from the body and inseparable from the mind.

Answer 14

Rene Descartes

Answer 15

John Locke

Question 16

He introduced the concept of the “tabula rasa” or “blank slate. It means that the human mind at birth is like a blank slate that has not been written on, meaning it does not possess innate ideas, knowledge, or pre-existing content.

Answer 16

John Locke

Question 17

He believed that the self is identified with consciousness, and this self consists of the sameness of consciousness.

Answer 17

John Locke

Question 18

The self is not an innate entity but rather a product of individual consciousness and the continuous experiences that shape one’s identity over time

Answer 18

John Locke

Question 19

A Scottish Enlightenment philosopher who highlights empiricism. Empiricism is the school of thought that suggests that knowledge can only be possible if sensed and experienced.

Answer 19

David Hume

Question 20

Self is simply a bundle of collections of different perceptions

Answer 20

David Hume

Question 21

The self is a bundle of perceptions and experiences, lacking a unified and enduring substance

Answer 21

David Hume

Question 22

He suggests that the self is an actively engaged intelligence in man that synthesizes all knowledge and experience

Answer 22

Immanuel Kant

Question 23

The self is a transcendental unity of apperception, the necessary condition for organizing all experiences and concepts.

Answer 23

Immanuel Kant

Question 24

He criticized Descartes’ idea that the mind is distinct from the body

Answer 24

Gilbert Ryle

Question 25

the distinction between mind and matter is a “category mistake” because it attempts to analyze the relation between mind and body as if the two were terms of the same categories

Answer 25

Gilbert Ryle

Question 26

The self is the result of a “category mistake,” an erroneous belief in a separate mental entity distinct from observable behaviors and dispositions.

Answer 26

Gilbert Ryle

Question 27

He was a philosopher and author who rejected the mind-body dualism view

Answer 27

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 28

He argued that the body is part of the mind, and the mind is part of the body. The mind perceives what the body senses experience from the external world, then the body acts out of what the mind perceives.

Answer 28

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 29

The self is an embodied and inseparable entity, existing within the lived experiences and interactions with the surrounding world.

Answer 29

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 30

the self evolves only in body, soul/ mind, and its relationship

Answer 30

Sociological Self

Question 31

one of those sciences concerned with studying society, human behavior, and its relationship.

Answer 31

Sociology

Question 32

potent metaphor highlighting how people shape their sense of self through interactions with others and how others perceive them

Answer 32

Looking Glass Self

Question 33

known for his substantial contributions to the discipline, particularly in analyzing interpersonal relationships and the idea of the self.

Answer 33

Charley Horton Cooley

Question 34

is founded on how we believe others see us rather than on introspection or an individualistic understanding.

Answer 34

Self-concept

Question 35

humans have an inherent tendency to interact or socialize with people and objects surrounding them.

Answer 35

Looking Glass Self

Question 36

is the spontaneous unpredictable element of the self

Answer 36

“i self”

Question 37

is the conformist aspect of the self and the reflexive, organized aspect of the self

Answer 37

“me self”

Question 38

proposed that the self consists of self-awareness and self-image is a product of social interactions and experiences.
Children do not recognize that they are different from others in the first few months of existence; infants only know the “I.”
Infants begin to recognize the faces of those around them soon after birth. Through social interaction, they learn about “ME” and the “OTHER.”
They develop a concept of the “Generalized Other,” which allows them to apply norms and behaviors learned in specific situations to new situations.

Answer 38

Theory of Social Self