PHS Lab 4

Question 1

relationship between blood pressure and flow rate

Answer 1

as blood pressure increases, flow rate also increases

direct relationship

Question 2

relationship between the radius of the afferent arteriole and glomerular capillary pressure

Answer 2

as radius increases, the glomerular capillary pressure also increases

direct relationshipe

Question 3

relationship between vascular radius and flow rate

Answer 3

direct relationship

as vascular radius increases, flow rate also increases

Question 4

how does labetolol alter the RAAS system to act as hypertensive therapy

Answer 4

nonselective antagonist of alpha and beta receptors

by blocking B1, renin secretion from the kidney is inhibited, and thus there is no angiotensin I and II formed,

therefore, angiotensin II cannot exert its increase in blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction, increase in ADH and aldosterone

Question 5

explain how ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure

Answer 5

competitive inhibitors of the ACE enzyme

ACE cannot produce angiotensin II from angiotensin I

therefore, no increase in BP bc no angiotensin II

Question 6

2 determinants of arterial blood pressure

Answer 6

cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Question 7

what makes up cardiac output

Answer 7

stroke volume + heart rate

Question 8

how does the endocrine system regulate blood pressure

Answer 8

aldosterone and vasopressin (ADH)

Question 9

mean arterial pressure = ____*____

Answer 9

cardiac output * peripheral resistance

Question 10

3 components of stroke volume and what determines it

Answer 10

contractility - B1 receptors
preload - venous return to heart
after load - resistance to blood flow from the heart

Question 11

what is stroke volume definition

Answer 11

volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per beat

Question 12

2 things that influence peripheral resistance

Answer 12

radius and blood flow
(structure and function)

Question 13

what does the sympathetic nervous system do to:

-blood vessels
-glucose
-eyes
-respiratory system

Answer 13

vasoconstriction
blood glucose rises
eyes dilate
bronchodilation

Question 14

explain what each does upon agonist binding:

-a1
-a2
-b1
-b2
-b3

Answer 14

a1 - constriction of vascular smooth muscle

a2 - decreased sympathomimetic activity (receptors are in brain and spinal cord)

b1 - increase in contraction (inotropic) and rate (chronotropic) of the heart AND release of renin by kidney to activate RAAS

B2 - vasodilation and bronchodilation

B3 - increased fat metabolism of adipose tissue

Question 15

name 2 nonselective adrenergic agonists and 1 selective adrenergic agonist

Answer 15

nonselective - epinephrine and norepinephrine

selective alpha agonist- phenylephrine

Question 16

_____ has NO B2 agonist activity

Answer 16

norepinephrine

Question 17

2 nonselective adrenergic antagonists and 1 selective adrenergic antagonist

Answer 17

nonselective - propranolol, labetolol

selective for B1 - metoprolol

Question 18

where is aldosterone secreted from and what does it do

Answer 18

the adrenal gland of the kidney

tubular reabsorption of ions like sodium and chloride and water. potassium EXCRETION

Question 19

ADH is secreted by what and what does it do

Answer 19

pituitary gland of the posterior lobe

reabsorb water from the collecting duct

Question 20

site of action of aldosterone

Answer 20

DCT and collecting duct

Question 21

site of action ADH/vasopressin

Answer 21

collecting tubule

Question 22

site of action spironolactone

Answer 22

collecting duct