PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Question 1

Chematotrophs

Answer 1

Chemical reaction is source of energy

ex- Sulfer bacteria, Iron bacteria

Question 2

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 2

6CO2 + 6H2O + photons (light energy) ==> 6O2 + C6H12O6

Question 3

Carbon Fixation

Answer 3

Turning gaseous carbon into solid carbon (Glucose) that can be used for energy

Question 4

Thylakoid

Answer 4

sac-like photosynthetic membrane (pigment)

Question 5

Granum

Answer 5

stack of thylakoid

Question 6

Stroma

Answer 6

The fluid portion of a chloroplast outside of the thylakoid

Question 7

Light Dependent Reactions

Answer 7

• Thylakoid membrane
• Produce energy storage molecules like NADPH and ATP

Question 8

Light Independent Reactions

Answer 8

• stroma
• Use energy molecules and CO2 to produce C6H12O6 (Glucose)

Question 9

LDR Formula

Answer 9

Solar Energy —chlorophyll—> ATP + NADPH

Question 10

LIR Formula

Answer 10

CO2 + H20 —–ATP + NADPH—–> Glucose (C6H12O6)

Question 11

Pigments

Answer 11

• Absorb sunlight
• Different pigments absorb different wavelengths
• Chlorophyll and Carotenoid

Question 12

LDR Process

Answer 12

• Requires H2O and Sunlight
• Releases O2 from H2O
• Produces ATP and NADPH (fuels for the second stage)

Question 13

Photosystem

Answer 13

• group of pigments
• Photosystem I
• Photosystem II

Question 14

Stage 1: LDR: Photosystem II

Answer 14

• photons enter chloroplast and e-s absorb energy to become high-energy e-s
• H+ ions diffuse through ATP Synthase and makes ATP (ADP + Pi)

Question 15

Photophosphorylation

Answer 15

Process of which ATP is made

Question 16

Photosystem I

Answer 16

• receives sunlight to make NADPH (NADP+ to NADPH)

Question 17

Stage 2: LIR

Answer 17

• Requires CO2
• Uses ATP and NADPH to make Glucose

Question 18

4 parts of the Clavin Cycle

Answer 18

1) Carbon-Fixation
2) Reduction
3) Regeneration of RuBP
4) Glucose Synthesis

Cycle has to occur 6 times to satisfy all carbon compounds

Question 19

1) Carbon Fixation

Answer 19

• RuBP binds to CO2
• Catalyzed by RubisCo
• Forms unstable 6-carbon molecules

Question 20

Phosphoglycerate

Answer 20

Breaks down to 6 molecules of PG

Question 21

2) Reduction of PG

Answer 21

• PG reduces to G-3-P (Glyceradehydre-3-Phosphate)
• Uses NADHP and ATP

Question 22

3) Regeneration of RuBP

Answer 22

• Uses ATP

Question 23

4) Glucose Synthesis

Answer 23

• Cycle to occur x6 to fully make Glucose

Question 24

Purpose of LIR

Answer 24

• CO2 fixed into sugar (Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose)
• Glucose subunits can make cellulose for other polysaccharides
• Carbon skeleton in Glucose also helps synthesize other important biochemical compounds such as lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids.

Question 25

(CAM) Cactus Plants

Answer 25

• open stomata at night to prevent photo-respiration

Question 26

C4 Plants

Answer 26

• The Calvin cycle occurs in 2 different cells
• Prevents photo-respiration

Question 27

Photorespiration

Answer 27

• Plants in hot weather need to close stomata to prevent water loss
• Prevent gas exchange
• inc CO2 Concentrations = Plant will use the O2 instead of CO2 in Calvin cycle