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UNDSELF > Philosophical Perspective > Flashcards

Philosophical Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

Socrates, Plato and Augustine to Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Freud, Ryle, Churchland and Merleau-pony-

all try to answer the question who are you?

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

The self as a product of modern society among other constructions.

Mead and the social self

A

Sociology

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3
Q

The self and person in contemporary anthropology

The self embedded in culture

A

Anthropology

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4
Q

The self as a cognitive construction:

-William James and the Me self;I self
-Global versus differentiated models
-Real and ideal self concepts
-Multiple vs unified selves.
-True vs false selves.
-The self as a Proactive and Agentic

A

Psychology

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5
Q

Individualistic vs Collective self

The social construction of the Self in Western thought.

A

Western

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6
Q

The self as embedded in relationships and through spiritual development in Confucian thought

A

Eastern

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7
Q

Which philosopher said these quotes?

“know yourself, for unexamined life was not worth living”

“there is only one good, and that is knowledge, and one bad, ignorance

“the only wisdom is in knowing you know nothing”

A

Socrates

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8
Q

________________ was a classical Greek philosopher and a pioneer in Western moral philosophy. He introduced the Socratic Method of thinking with the goal of which was to “Know thyself.”

A

Socrates

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9
Q

___________ believes on the existence of two different Realms, the Physical Realm (Changeable, Transient, and imperfect) and the Ideal Realm (Unchanging, eternal, and immortal). Thus, he believes on the existence of the Soul who belongs to the Ideal Realm.

A

Socrates

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10
Q

According to Socrates, ___________ is the essence of the Self, is in constant striving towards perfection. And it is only hindered because of its ties to our body.

A

Soul

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11
Q

__________ method promotes introspection, or examination of oneself thoughts and emotions

A

Socrates

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12
Q

Which philosopher said these quotes?

“the first and last victory is to conquer the self”

“Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion and knowledge.”

“the essence of knowledge is self-knowledge”

A

Plato

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13
Q

A classical Greek philosopher and the founder of Academy of Athens-the first institution of higher learning in the western world. As a student of Socrates he mostly agrees to the ideas of his mentor.

A

Plato

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14
Q

Plato stated that the ‘ mind’ or the “soul“ is comprised of three elements:

A

The appetites (appetitive)
The passion (spirited)
The reason (Rational)

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15
Q

According to Plato, the soul comprises of the ___________ which involve our pleasure desires such as those and physical comfort.

A

The appetites (appetitive)

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16
Q

According to Plato, the soul comprises of the ____________ that denotes the part of our psyche that is agitated most of the time. it involves the most basic emotions that a person has.

A

The passion (spirited)

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17
Q

According to Plato, the soul comprises of the ___________, which is the conscious awareness which meditates, weighs choices, and assesses situations in our lives. This side is rational and logical as it chooses only the best of us.

A

The Reason (Rational)

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18
Q

According to Plato, _____________ can only be found by those who pursue knowledge and is controlled by reason

A

Happiness

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19
Q

Which philosopher said these quotes?

“You will never do anything in this world without courage.”

“Hope is a waking dream.”

“Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom”

A

ARISTOTLE

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20
Q

Which philosopher believes that anything with life has a soul, it is the essence of all living things. This ideation in turn leads to the belief that the soul is the essence of the self?

A

Aristotle

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21
Q

According to _________, our soul can be classified as vegetative, sentient, and rational.

A

Aristotle

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22
Q

ARISTOTLE

___________ soul implies growth an example of which is the body.

A

Vegetative

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23
Q

ARISTOTLE

The _____________ soul includes the desires and emotions that people have

A

Sentient

24
Q

ARISTOTLE

The ____________ soul includes the intellect and ability to think and understand things

A

Rational

25
Q

Which philosopher said these quotes?

“Right is right even if no one is doing it; wrong is wrong even if everyone is doing it.”

“The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.”

“I was not yet in love, yet I loved to love…I sought what I might love, in love with loving.”

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

26
Q

He is a Christian theologian and philosopher to have greatly contributed to the progress of Western Christianity through his writings specifically The City of God, On Christian Doctrine.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

27
Q

He is a philosopher who identified the two-fold process comprised of self-presentation leading to self-realization. He also believes that our understanding of who we are revolves around our own doubtfulness, understanding of our standing and the way we question our own existence.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

28
Q

He is a philosopher who emphasized that not being able to agree to everything other people say should be the case but we can still agree to those who we, from our own perception, think is right or wrong based from our own evaluations and perceptions.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

29
Q

He is a philosopher who relates our existence to God being modeled in his likeness though living means that we are still far from God and has yet to be truly with him.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

30
Q

Which philosopher said these quotes?

“Cogito, ergo sum” which is I think, therefore I am.”

“Conquer yourself rather than the world.”

“Doubt is the origin of wisdom”

A

RENE DECARTES

31
Q

This philosopher has the idea that if man thinks and reflects, a person will be able to realize the two dimensions of human Self: The self as a thinking entity and the self as a physical body.

A

RENE DECARTES

32
Q

This philosopher believed that the body and mind is separate from each other, and it is an important aspect of the human self to think and can be independent from our physical self.

A

RENE DECARTES

33
Q

Which philosopher said these quotes?

“I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts.”

“Parents wonder why the streams are bitter, when they themselves poison the fountain.”

“Revolt is the right of the people”

A

John Locke

34
Q

He is an English Philosopher, Physician; He is considered to be the father of Classical liberalism. He was known for his idea that when we are born, we began in a state of “Tabula rasa” or blank slate.

A

John Locke

35
Q

He is an English philosopher who stated that a person is born with nothing and that is very susceptible to establishing a sense of self by accumulation and learning from our experiences, which maybe from, successes, failures, reflection, and observations to oneself.

A

John Locke

36
Q

He is an English philosopher who stated that our senses and the perception we have from our environment contribute to the identification of who we are as an individual, along with ones ability to be consciously aware of ones surroundings and endeavors.

A

John Locke

37
Q

He is an English philosopher who states that self-consciousness, reflective thinking, and experiences are the common bases to the concept of Self from his point of view, where people may be able to distinguish their sense of selves because of it

A

John Locke

38
Q

Which philosopher said these quotes?

“No man ever threw away life while it was worth keeping.”

“The truth springs from arguments amongst friends.”

“Beauty in things exists in the mind which contemplates them”

A

David Hume

39
Q
  • The Scottish Philosopher ________________ is known on Philosophical Empiricism, Skepticism, and Naturalism.
  • He insisted that there is no “self”, and that people and their experiences are just a collection of perceptions from the physical realm, which led to our impressions and ideas about who we are.
A

David Hume

40
Q

He is a Scottish Philosopher who stated that impressions are feelings and/or sensations the people have, such as, love, hate, fear, cold, heat, and sadness. It can be observed and introspected.

A

David Hume

41
Q

Which philosopher said these quotes?

“We are not rich by what we possess but by what we can do without.”

“Look closely. The beautiful may be small.”

“I had to deny knowledge in order to make room for faith.”

A

Immanuel Kant

42
Q

He was born in Prussia, Germany and was a great contributor in modern western philosophy. He asserted that is the human mind which creates experiences

A

Immanuel Kant

43
Q

His philosophy which revolves on the idea that the self can only be established by organizing and synthesizing one’s accumulation of experiences, intuition, thoughts, imagination, and perception.

A

Immanuel Kant

44
Q

According to him The Self is identified, in the form of consciousness, is primarily based on various transcendental deductions of categories or concepts, which helps us to make sense the world that we live in and the experiences that we have.

A

Immanuel Kant

45
Q

According to this German Philosopher, categories enables one to be integrated by his idea is best explained by his concept of the “Transcendental Apperception”, he characterized it by being an intrinsic nature of our consciousness that goes beyond sense experiences

A

Immanuel Kant

46
Q

Which psychiatrist said the following quotes?

“One day, in retrospect, the years of struggle will strike you as the most beautiful.”

“Unexpressed emotions will never die. They are buried alive and will come forth later in uglier ways.”

“Where does a thought go when it’s forgotten?”

A

Sigmund Freud

47
Q

According to him, the self can be divided into three layers: the conscious, preconscious and the unconscious. He believed that people have various constructs of personality and the levels of consciousness where every person’s experiences and desires take part in the establishment of the self define it.

A

Sigmund Freud

48
Q

According to Sigmund Freud, the ____________ is a layer of self that contains all of the things that we are aware of, the thoughts, feelings, motivations, and preferences and is readily accessible for us. It is the area where reality and rationality is

A

Conscious

49
Q

According to Sigmund Freud, the ____________ could be said to be like a boundary between awareness and unawareness, these are still memories and thoughts that is not necessarily available at any given time but could still be easily brought into the consciousness.

A

Preconscious

50
Q

According to Sigmund Freud, the ____________ is a part of our selves where our instinctual drives and pools our feelings, thoughts, and memories that is outside our awareness. It can be memories that we have forgotten or we want to forget, fantasies from our childhood, and may include some unpleasant aspects of ourselves that we chose to forget.

A

Unconscious

51
Q

Which philosopher said the following quotes?

“The vain man does not think he is vain.”

“The author is leading and the spectator is following, but their path is the same.”

“A person who has a good nose for arguments or jokes may have a bad head for facts.”

A

Gilbert Ryle

52
Q

He is a philosopher known for his Behavioristic approach to self, he emphasized that the behavior presented by an individual, emotions and actions are the reflection of our mind and as such is the manifestation of our self

A

Gilbert Ryle

53
Q

This Canadian Philosopher said the following quotes, who is he?

“We do have an organ for understanding and recognizing moral facts. It is called the brain.”

“The curiosity of Man, and the cunning of his reason, have revealed much of what Nature held hidden.”

“Your brain is far too complex and mercurial for its behavior to be predicted in any but the broadest outlines or for any but the shortest distances in the future.”

A

Paul Churchland

54
Q

He is a Canadian philosopher that is known primarily for his philosophy “eliminative materialism” which revolves around the premise that ‘nothing but matter exist”.

A

Paul Churchland

55
Q

This Canadian Philosopher argues that the self which is the accumulation of all the emotions, perceptions, actions and behavior of a person is attached to their source which is the brain. This leads to his idea of Neurophilosophy, he believed that to fully understand one’s behavior, one should understand the different neurological movement of the brain

A

Paul Churchland

56
Q

This French Philosopher said the following quotes, who is he?

“It is the essence of certainty to be established only with reservations.”

“The body is our general medium for having a world.”

“We know not through our intellect but through our experience.”

A

Maurice Merleau Ponty

57
Q

According to this French Philosopher, the self, can be established based on the conscious understanding of our experiences with our selves and our environment, thus, leading us into considering the body, the perceived world, and the people and the world

A

Maurice Merleau Ponty

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