Pharmacology Flashcards
Frusemide
Class: Loop Diuretic, inhibits reabsorption of salt in the ascending LoH, proximal and distal tubules
Ics: Heart failure, Severe pulmonary/peripheral oedema, HTN, Ascites, Renal failure
SE: Orthostatic HTN etc.
Notes: Causes a “flood” of urine, often taken with a K+…
Atorvastatin/Lipitor
Class: Antilipemic Agent, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a rate limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis
Ics: High cholesterol, atherosclerosis
SE: Diarrhoea, arthralgia, pharyngitis and coughing (?)
Notes: Very safe, and reduces the incidence of an acute coronary event.
Esomeprazole
Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor, H+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitor in the parietal cell, reducing gastric acid secretion
Ics: GORD, H. pylori, Prophylaxis postendoscopy for peptic ulcers, NSAID usage, renal impairment
SE: Headache
Amlodipine
Class: Ca Channel Blocker, Inhibition of Ca entry into the slow channels, causing relaxation of both coronary and peripheral vasculature.
Ics: Angina, HTN,
SE: Peripheral Edema, pulmonary oedema
Formoterol + Budesonide = Symbicort
Class: LABA + Corticosteroids resp. LABA causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. Corticosteroid suppresses protein synthesis, neutrophilic/fibroblast infiltration, and reduces capillary permeability
Ics: Asthma, COPD
SE: Headache, nasopharyngitis, URTI, abdominal distress, oral candidiasis
Venlafaxine
Class: NAd/5HT reuptake inhibitor, with stronger 5HT reuptake inhibition.
Ics: Generalised anxiety disorder, diabetic neuropathy etc.
SE: Nausea, insomnia, dizziness, drowsiness, diaphoresis, other neurological disorders
Ticagrelor
Class: Platelet aggregation inhibitor, reversible, non-competitive binding of the ADP receptor (from ATP) on the platelet surface.
Ics: Acute coronary syndrome
SE: Bleeding, dyspnoea, dizziness, nausea
Clopidigrel/Plavix
Class: Platelet aggregation inhibitor. Irreversibly blocks the P2Y12 component of ADP receptors on platelets surface
Ics: Acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, symptomatic carotid artery stenosis
SE: Bleeding
Enoxaparin/Clexane
Class: LMWH, activates antithrombin III, which strongly inhibits factor Xa and others
Ics: Postsurgical prophylaxis (DVT), DVT, Acute coronary syndrome, Mechanical heart valve
SE: Anaemia, haemorrhage
Loperamide
Class: Anti-diarrhoeal. Acts directly on circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles, through the opioid receptor, to inhibit peristalsis and prolong transit time; reduces fecal volume, increases viscosity, and diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss
Ics: Acute, chronic, travellers, cancer related diarrhoea
SE: Serious heart problems/death if misused
Oxycodone
Class: Analgesic, Opioid, binding causes generalised CNS depression
Ics: Pain management either immediate or extended release
SE: Drowsiness, headache, pruritis, nausea, constipation, vomiting, fever
Fentanyl
Class: Opioid, general anaesthetic, analgesic
Ics: Surgery, Postoperative pain, cancer pain, chronic pain
SE: Serious respiratory depression, Addiction, death by overdose
Atenolol
Class: Beta-blocker, competitively binds to beta1-adrenoceptors in the SA node to slow heart rhythm
Ics: HTN, MI, Angina, Thyrotoxicosis
SE: Bradycardia, hypotension, AV block, headache, other neuro symptoms
Atropine
Class: Anticholinergic agent, Blocks the PS innervation through blockage of acetylcholine, increases CO
Ics: Sinus bradycardia, AV block, antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning
SE: Opposite SLUD, reduces secretions
Aspirin
Class: NSAID, Irreversible COX1 inhibition, special action at low doses due to downregulation of thromboxane in platelets, reducing platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. Retains prostaglandin production int he endothelium furthering anti-inflammatory environment. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic.
Ics: Acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, valvular disease, stroke, hypercoagulable state
SE: Peptic ulcers (often taken with PPI), severe tinnitis, bleeding, triple whammy renal failure
